by Calculated Risk on 9/15/2012 08:07:00 AM

The key event of the week was the FOMC announcement. Here were my posts:
• FOMC Statement: QE3 $40 Billion per Month, Extend Guidance to mid-2015
• FOMC Projections and Bernanke Press Conference
• Analysis: Bernanke Delivered

In other news, retail sales were strong due to higher gasoline prices. From Merrill Lynch:

Gasoline prices surged in the month, forcing consumers to spend more at the pump. Gasoline station sales climbed 5.5%, contributing to the majority of the gain in total sales. Netting out gasoline station sales, spending was only up 0.3%. ...

Outside of gasoline, autos and building materials, core control sales fell 0.1%. This was a decidedly weak report, showing a pullback in consumer spending. ...

The combination of weak August core retail sales and a downward revision to July and June (0.1pp in each month), slices 0.4pp from our Q3 GDP tracking model. We are now looking for GDP growth of only 1.1% in Q3.

Some of the other data was impacted by hurricane Isaac: Industrial production declined although this was partially due to the impact of Hurricane Isaac and weekly unemployment claims increased - also partially blamed on the hurricane.

In a little good news, consumer sentiment increased some in September.

Overall this suggests more sluggish growth.

Here is a summary of last week in graphs:

• Retail Sales increased 0.9% in August

Click on graph for larger image.

On a monthly basis, retail sales were up 0.9% from July to August (seasonally adjusted), and sales were up 4.7% from August 2011. This increase was largely due to higher gasoline prices.

Sales for July were revised down to a 0.6% increase (from 0.8% increase).

This graph shows retail sales since 1992. This is monthly retail sales and food service, seasonally adjusted (total and ex-gasoline).

Retail sales are up 22.7% from the bottom, and now 7.3% above the pre-recession peak (not inflation adjusted)

This was above the consensus forecast for retail sales of a 0.8% increase in August, and above (edit) the consensus for a 0.7% increase ex-auto.
All current retail sales graphs
• Trade Deficit at $42.0 Billion in July

The Department of Commerce reported: "[T]otal July exports of $183.3 billion and imports of $225.3 billion resulted in a goods and services deficit of $42.0 billion, up from $41.9 billion in June, revised. July exports were $1.9 billion less than June exports of $185.2 billion. July imports were $1.8 billion less than June imports of $227.1 billion."

The trade deficit was below the consensus forecast of $44.3 billion.

This graph shows the monthly U.S. exports and imports in dollars through July 2012.

Exports are 10% above the pre-recession peak and up 3% compared to July 2011; imports are just below the pre-recession peak, and up about 1% compared to July 2011.

The second graph shows the U.S. trade deficit, with and without petroleum, through July.

• Industrial Production declined 1.2% in August, Capacity Utilization decreased

This graph shows Capacity Utilization. This series is up 11.3 percentage points from the record low set in June 2009 (the series starts in 1967).

Capacity utilization at 78.2% is still 2.1 percentage points below its average from 1972 to 2010 and below the pre-recession level of 80.6% in December 2007.

Note: y-axis doesn't start at zero to better show the change.

This graph shows industrial production since 1967.

Industrial production decreased in August to 96.8. This is 16% above the recession low, but still 3.9% below the pre-recession peak.

The consensus was for Industrial Production to decrease 0.1% in August, and for Capacity Utilization to decline to 79.2%. Both IP and Capacity Utilization were below expectations.
All current manufacturing graphs
• Consumer Sentiment increases in September to 79.2

The preliminary Reuters / University of Michigan consumer sentiment index for September increased to 79.2, up from the August reading of 74.3.

This was above the consensus forecast of 73.5 but still fairly low. Sentiment remains weak due to the high unemployment rate, sluggish economy and higher gasoline prices.


• Weekly Initial Unemployment Claims increase to 382,000

The dashed line on the graph is the current 4-week average. The four-week average of weekly unemployment claims increased to 375,000.

This was above the consensus forecast of 370,000.

Via MarketWatch: "The government said about 9,000 claims stemmed from the storm that passed through the Gulf Coast in late August."

The 4-week average of unemployment claims has mostly moved sideways this year.
All current Employment Graphs
• BLS: Job Openings "little changed" in July

The following graph shows job openings (yellow line), hires (dark blue), Layoff, Discharges and other (red column), and Quits (light blue column) from the JOLTS.


Jobs openings decreased in July to 3.664 million, down from 3.722 million in June. The number of job openings (yellow) has generally been trending up, and openings are up about 9% year-over-year compared to July 2011.

Quits increased slightly in July, and quits are up about 8% year-over-year. These are voluntary separations and more quits might indicate some improvement in the labor market. (see light blue columns at bottom of graph for trend for "quits").
All current employment graphs
• Other Economic Stories ...
• Key Measures show slowing inflation in August
• Lawler: Where has the increase in the number of renters of Single Family homes come from?
• CoreLogic: Negative Equity Decreases in Q2 2012
• Lawler: Preliminary Table of Short Sales and Foreclosures for Selected Cities in August

by Calculated Risk on 9/14/2012 08:52:00 PM

An excerpt from a Goldman Sachs research note by Alec Phillips today: The Fiscal Cliff Moves to Center Stage

While we are hopeful that lawmakers will manage to reach an agreement before year-end, we expect that the road to such an agreement will be a bumpy one.

Ahead of the election, lawmakers seem unlikely to reach any sort of compromise on major tax or spending policies, particularly now that the window for a legislative agreement is essentially closed. Once the election results are known, lawmakers will work toward compromise, but members of both parties have an incentive to make the threat of “falling off the cliff” appear as credible as possible, so a resolution in November, or even early December, seems unlikely. Indeed, under a status quo election outcome, for example, a decision on even a short-term extension of expiring policies seems unlikely until late December, since political compromise would presumably come only after all other options have been exhausted.

... we think there is at least a one in three likelihood that lawmakers fail to agree by December 31. ... if a deal is reached by the end of the year it may not provide much certainty in 2013. After all, the debt limit may still need to be raised, and the since the most likely scenario seems to be a short-term extension of fiscal cliff-related policies, the risks from fiscal policy seem likely to continue into 2013, regardless of how the fiscal cliff is dealt with at year end.

I've just been ignoring the "fiscal cliff" until after the election. I suspect some sort of deal will be reached - but you never know.

Meanwhile, here is an animated version of Merle Hazard's "Fiscal Cliff"

by Calculated Risk on 9/14/2012 06:13:00 PM

Missouri wisdom
Presidential paraphrase
“The buck won’t stop here”.
by Soylent Green is People
From the FDIC: Simmons First National Bank, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, Assumes All of the Deposits of Truman Bank, Saint Louis, Missouri

As of June 30, 2012, Truman Bank had approximately $282.3 million in total assets and $245.7 million in total deposits ... The FDIC estimates that the cost to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) will be $34.0 million. ... Truman Bank is the 42nd FDIC-insured institution to fail in the nation this year, and the second in Missouri.

Friday is here!

by Calculated Risk on 9/14/2012 02:50:00 PM

The BLS reported this morning: "The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) increased 1.7 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 227.056 (1982-84=100). For the month, the index increased 0.7 percent prior to seasonal adjustment."

CPI-W is the index that is used to calculate the Cost-Of-Living Adjustments (COLA). Here is an explanation ...

The calculation dates have changed over time (see Cost-of-Living Adjustments), but the current calculation uses the average CPI-W¹ for the three months in Q3 (July, August, September) and compares to the average for the highest previous average of Q3 months. Note: this is not the headline CPI-U, and not seasonally adjusted.

SPECIAL NOTE on CPI-chained: There has been some discussion of switching from CPI-W to CPI-chained for COLA. This will not happen this year, but could happen next year and impact future Cost-of-living adjustments, see: Cost of Living and CPI-Chained

Since the highest Q3 average was last year (2011), at 223.233, we only have to compare to last year. Note: The last few years we needed to compare to Q3 2008 since that was the previous highest Q3 average.

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows CPI-W since January 2000. The red lines are the Q3 average of CPI-W for each year.

Currently CPI-W is above the Q3 2011 average. If the current level holds, COLA would be around 1.4% for next year (the current 226.312 average divided by the Q3 2011 level of 223.233). With the recent increases in oil and gasoline prices, CPI COLA might be closer to 1.6% once the September data is released.

This is early - we need the data for September - but COLA will be slightly positive next year.

Contribution and Benefit Base

The law prohibits an increase in the contribution and benefit base if COLA is not greater than zero. However if the there is even a small increase in COLA, the contribution base will be adjusted using the National Average Wage Index.

From Social Security: Cost-of-Living Adjustment Must Be Greater Than Zero

... ... any amount that is directly dependent for its value on the COLA would not increase. For example, the maximum Supplemental Security Income (SSI) payment amounts would not increase if there were no COLA.

... if there were no COLA, section 230(a) of the Social Security Act prohibits an increase in the contribution and benefit base (Social Security's maximum taxable earnings), which normally increases with increases in the national average wage index. Similarly, the retirement test exempt amounts would not increase ...

This is based on a one year lag. The National Average Wage Index is not available for 2011 yet, but wages probably didn't increase much from 2010. If wages increased the same as last year, and COLA is positive (seems likely right now), then the contribution base next year will be increased to around $112,500 from the current $110,100.

Remember - this is an early look. What matters is average CPI-W for all three months in Q3 (July, August and September).

⁽¹⁾ CPI-W usually tracks CPI-U (headline number) pretty well. From the BLS:

The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes CPIs for two population groups: (1)the CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), which covers households of wage earners and clerical workers that comprise approximately 32 percent of the total population and (2) the CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) ... which cover approximately 87 percent of the total population and include in addition to wage earners and clerical worker households, groups such as professional, managerial, and technical workers, the self- employed, short-term workers, the unemployed, and retirees and others not in the labor force.

by Calculated Risk on 9/14/2012 01:03:00 PM

The Cleveland Fed released the median CPI and the trimmed-mean CPI this morning:

According to the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, the median Consumer Price Index rose 0.2% (2.8% annualized rate) in August. The 16% trimmed-mean Consumer Price Index increased 0.2% (2.0% annualized rate) during the month. The median CPI and 16% trimmed-mean CPI are measures of core inflation calculated by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland based on data released in the Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) monthly CPI report.

Earlier today, the BLS reported that the seasonally adjusted CPI for all urban consumers rose 0.6% (7.5% annualized rate) in August. The CPI less food and energy increased 0.1% (0.6% annualized rate) on a seasonally adjusted basis.

Note: The Cleveland Fed has the median CPI details for August here.

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows the year-over-year change for these four key measures of inflation. On a year-over-year basis, the median CPI rose 2.3%, the trimmed-mean CPI rose 1.9%, and core CPI rose 1.9%. Core PCE is for July and increased 1.6% year-over-year.

On a monthly basis (annualized), two of these measure were at or below the Fed's target; trimmed-mean CPI was at 2.0%, Core CPI at 0.6% - although median CPI was at 2.8%. Core PCE for July was at 0.3%. These measures suggest inflation is now mostly below the Fed's target of 2% on a year-over-year basis and it appears the inflation rate is slowing.

by Calculated Risk on 9/14/2012 09:58:00 AM

Click on graph for larger image.

The preliminary Reuters / University of Michigan consumer sentiment index for September increased to 79.2, up from the August reading of 74.3.

This was above the consensus forecast of 73.5 but still fairly low. Sentiment remains weak due to the high unemployment rate, sluggish economy and higher gasoline prices.

by Calculated Risk on 9/14/2012 09:31:00 AM

From the Fed: Industrial production and Capacity Utilization

Industrial production fell 1.2 percent in August after having risen 0.5 percent in July. Hurricane Isaac restrained output in the Gulf Coast region at the end of August, reducing the rate of change in total industrial production by an estimated 0.3 percentage point. Manufacturing output decreased 0.7 percent in August after having risen 0.4 percent in both June and July. Precautionary shutdowns of oil and gas rigs in the Gulf of Mexico in advance of the hurricane contributed to a drop of 1.8 percent in the output of mines for August. The output of utilities declined 3.6 percent. At 96.8 percent of its 2007 average, total industrial production in August was 2.8 percent above its year-earlier level. Capacity utilization for total industry moved down 1.0 percentage point to 78.2 percent, a rate 2.1 percentage points below its long-run (1972--2011) average.

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows Capacity Utilization. This series is up 11.3 percentage points from the record low set in June 2009 (the series starts in 1967).

Capacity utilization at 78.2% is still 2.1 percentage points below its average from 1972 to 2010 and below the pre-recession level of 80.6% in December 2007.

Note: y-axis doesn't start at zero to better show the change.

The second graph shows industrial production since 1967.

Industrial production decreased in August to 96.8. This is 16% above the recession low, but still 3.9% below the pre-recession peak.

The consensus was for Industrial Production to decrease 0.1% in August, and for Capacity Utilization to decline to 79.2%. Both IP and Capacity Utilization were below expectations.

All current manufacturing graphs

by Calculated Risk on 9/14/2012 08:47:00 AM

On a monthly basis, retail sales were up 0.9% from July to August (seasonally adjusted), and sales were up 4.7% from August 2011. This increase was largely due to higher gasoline prices. From the Census Bureau report:

The U.S. Census Bureau announced today that advance estimates of U.S. retail and food services sales for August, adjusted for seasonal variation and holiday and trading-day differences, but not for price changes, were $406.7 billion, an increase of 0.9 percent from the previous month and 4.7 percent (±0.7%) above August 2011. ... The June to July 2012 percent change was revised from 0.8 percent to 0.6 percent.

Click on graph for larger image.

Sales for July were revised down to a 0.6% increase (from 0.8% increase).

This graph shows retail sales since 1992. This is monthly retail sales and food service, seasonally adjusted (total and ex-gasoline).

Retail sales are up 22.7% from the bottom, and now 7.3% above the pre-recession peak (not inflation adjusted)

The second graph shows the same data, but just since 2006 (to show the recent changes). This shows that much of the recent increase is due to gasoline.

Excluding gasoline, retail sales are up 19.3% from the bottom, and now 7.2% above the pre-recession peak (not inflation adjusted).

The third graph shows the year-over-year change in retail sales and food service (ex-gasoline) since 1993.

Retail sales ex-gasoline increased by 4.9% on a YoY basis (4.7% for all retail sales). Retail sales ex-gasoline increased 0.3% in August.

This was above the consensus forecast for retail sales of a 0.8% increase in August, and above (edit) the consensus for a 0.7% increase ex-auto.

All current retail sales graphs

by Calculated Risk on 9/13/2012 08:49:00 PM

First, Tom Lawler has been discussing the rental demand for single family homes. He sent me this article today: Phoenix-area rental homes a red-hot commodity

In the Valley’s most popular communities, desperate renters are submitting applications for multiple single-family homes to secure a place to live. ... The unprecedented demand for rentals is fueled by former homeowners whose houses were foreclosed on or sold in short sales and now need a place to live. Some of them can no longer qualify to buy a home. For others, the housing bubble sullied the aura of owning a home.

With the trend showing no sign of slowing, more investors than ever are buying homes to rent. Popular areas such as central and north Phoenix, south Scottsdale, Glendale, central Tempe, Chandler and Gilbert are hot spots for rentals.

Multiple indicators show demand for rentals has never been higher:

More rental contracts were signed in June and July than in any other months in the past decade, according to the Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service.

The percentage of single-family homes purchased to be rented out hit a record 32 percent in July, more than triple the typical rate, said Mike Orr, a real-estate analyst at Arizona State University.

In July, the average rental home was empty for only 38 days, tied for the shortest period in 12 years, Orr said.

The vacancy rate for big apartment complexes recently hit an almost six-year low as of June 30, according to commercial broker Marcus & Millichap.

“It’s a crazy rental market right now,” said Liza Asbury of Realty One Group. “There are multiple offers for properties. If it (the home) is nice, it is definitely going fast.”

On Friday:
• At 8:30 AM ET, the Consumer Price Index for August will be released. The consensus is for CPI to increase 0.6% in August and for core CPI to increase 0.2%.

• Also at 8:30 AM, Retail Sales for August will be released. The consensus is for retail sales to increase 0.8% in August, and for retail sales ex-autos to increase 0.7%.

• At 9:15 AM, The Fed will release Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization for August. The consensus is that Industrial Production declined 0.1% in August, and that Capacity Utilization declined to 79.2%.

• At 9:55 AM, the Reuters/University of Michigan's Consumer sentiment index will be released (preliminary for September). The consensus is for sentiment to decrease to 74.0 from 73.5 in August.

• At 10:00 AM, the Manufacturing and Trade: Inventories and Sales report for July (Business inventories) will be released. The consensus is for 0.5% increase in inventories.

Two more questions for the September economic prediction contest:

by Calculated Risk on 9/13/2012 04:45:00 PM

The FOMC delivered everything I expected - and more. This was a very strong move and I suspect many analysts are underestimating the potential positive impact on the economy.

However, as Fed Chairman said, monetary policy is "not a panacea". I do think this will help, but this will not solve the unemployment problem.

Here are a few key points:

• Forward guidance is a critical part of Fed policy (see Michael Woodford's paper presented at Jackson Hole). The FOMC didn't go as far as targeting nominal GDP, but they took two key steps today: 1) they extended the forward guidance until mid-2015, and 2) the FOMC made it clear that "a highly accommodative stance of monetary policy will remain appropriate for a considerable time after the economic recovery strengthens". "AFTER the economic recovery strengthens" is key.

• This easing was not based on new economic weakness. From the FOMC statement: "economic activity has continued to expand at a moderate pace in recent months". This easing was intended to help increase the pace of recovery.

• Another key change was the FOMC tied this easing directly to the labor market: "If the outlook for the labor market does not improve substantially, the Committee will continue its purchases of agency mortgage-backed securities, undertake additional asset purchases, and employ its other policy tools as appropriate until such improvement is achieved in a context of price stability."

• I think this will be more effective than most analysts expect. As I noted last weekend, housing is usually a key transmission channel for monetary policy, and now that residential investment has started to recover - and house price have stabilized, or even started to increase, this channel will probably become more effective.

I also liked that Bernanke addressed three concerns that have been raised about monetary policy. Note: The replay of the press conference is available here.

The first "concern" was that some people are confusing fiscal and monetary policy. Monetary policy is NOT spending (see Bernanke's comments at 7:00).

The other two are legitimate concerns - that the Fed policies can hurt savers, and that there is a risk of inflation down the road. I agree with Bernanke that a stronger economy will lead to better returns for savers, and that inflation is not an immediate concern.