by Calculated Risk on 2/15/2011 08:30:00 AM

On a monthly basis, retail sales increased 0.3% from December to January(seasonally adjusted, after revisions), and sales were up 7.8% from January 2010.

Click on graph for larger image in new window.

This graph shows retail sales since 1992. This is monthly retail sales, seasonally adjusted (total and ex-gasoline).

Retail sales are up 13.7% from the bottom, and now 0.4% above the pre-recession peak.


The second graph shows the year-over-year change in retail sales (ex-gasoline) since 1993.

Retail sales ex-gasoline increased by 7.1% on a YoY basis (7.8% for all retail sales).

Here is the Census Bureau report:

The U.S. Census Bureau announced today that advance estimates of U.S. retail and food services sales for January, adjusted for seasonal variation and holiday and trading-day differences, but not for price changes, were $381.6 billion, an increase of 0.3 percent (±0.5%) from the previous month, and 7.8 percent (±0.7%) above January 2010.

This was below expectations for a 0.5% increase. Retail sales ex-autos were up 0.3%; also below expectations of a 0.5% increase. Although lower than expected, retail sales are now above the pre-recession peak in November 2007.

• Also, from the NY Fed: Empire State Manufacturing Survey

The Empire State Manufacturing Survey indicates that conditions for New York manufacturers continued to improve in February. The general business conditions index rose 3.5 points to 15.4. The new orders index edged down just slightly, to 11.8. The shipments index retreated 14 points, reversing much of January's 18-point surge, but remained positive at 11.3. The inventories index continued to climb from its December low, reaching its highest level since April. The index for number of employees fell, but the average workweek measure moved up. The prices paid index climbed to a two-and-a half-year high in February, but the measure for prices received was little changed, suggesting some pressure on profit margins. The forward-looking indexes continued to signal widespread optimism, though to a somewhat lesser degree than in January. Indexes for expected prices, both paid and received, declined moderately, after reaching multiyear highs last month.

This was slightly above expectations for an increase to 15.0.

by Calculated Risk on 2/14/2011 08:20:00 PM

By request, an update on the Middle East:

• From the NY Times: Officials in Iran Use Force as Unrest Spreads Across Mideast

Hundreds of riot police officers deployed in key locations in central Tehran and other major Iranian cities on Monday, beating protesters and firing tear gas to thwart opposition marches that marked the most significant street protests since the end of 2009, news reports and witnesses’ accounts from Iran said.

• From the LA Times: In Iran, Bahrain and Yemen, protesters take to streets

• From the Financial Times: Vast march in Tehran defies ban

• From the Telegraph: Iranian police fire tear gas into protesters as unrest spreads across Middle East

• From the WSJ: Tehran Beats Back New Protests

• From al Jazeera: Thousands rally across Yemen

by Calculated Risk on 2/14/2011 05:36:00 PM

I've been following the Sacramento market to see the change in mix (conventional, REOs, short sales) in a distressed area. The Sacramento Association of REALTORS® started breaking out REOs in May 2008, and short sales in June 2009. Here are the statistics.

Click on graph for larger image in graph gallery.

This graph shows the percent of REO, short sales and conventional sales. There is a seasonal pattern for conventional sales (strong in the spring and summer), and distressed sales happen all year - so the percentage of distressed sales increases every winter. The tax credits might have also boosted conventional sales in 2009 and early 2010.

Note: Prior to June 2009, it is unclear if short sales were included as REO or as "conventional" - or some of both.

In January 2011, 73.1% of all resales (single family homes and condos) were distressed sales. This is the highest level of distressed sales since Sacramento started breaking out short sales, and might be the highest since February 2009.

And a high level of distressed sales suggests falling prices. And this isn't just happening in Sacramento. Housing economist Tom Lawler noted today:

"January is seasonally the weakest month for home sales (closings); distressed share of sales went up in many areas last month, suggesting that repeat transactions HPIs in early 2011 will show weakness."

My guess is both the Case-Shiller and CoreLogic repeat sales indexes will fall to post-bubble lows once the January data is released.

by Calculated Risk on 2/14/2011 01:52:00 PM

An economic letter from Justin Weidner and John Williams at the SF Fed: What Is the New Normal Unemployment Rate?

In the past, the U.S. labor market has proven to be very flexible and recessions have not usually been followed by long-lasting increases in the unemployment rate. But, in the wake of the most recent recession, many economists are concerned that developments such as mismatches in the skills of workers and jobs, extended unemployment benefits, and a rise in long-term joblessness may have raised the “normal” or “natural” rate of unemployment above the 5% level that was thought to be typical before the downturn. Indeed, a few economists have gone so far as to argue that the rise in the unemployment rate to its current level of 9% primarily reflects an increase in the natural rate, implying there is little slack in labor markets and therefore little downward pressure on inflation.
...
[see paper for estimates of “natural” rate of unemployment]
...
Economists have cited a number of possible reasons why the natural rate of unemployment may have risen in recent years. In early 2009, eligibility for unemployment benefits was extended from 26 weeks to as much as 99 weeks. Extended benefits reduce the hardship on unemployed workers and their families during this severe downturn. However, they may also reduce the incentive of the unemployed to seek and accept less desirable jobs, which in turn may raise the measured unemployment rate.
...
A second explanation is that the degree of mismatch between job seekers and potential employers has increased. The construction, finance, and real estate sectors have shrunk after the bursting of the housing bubble and the subsequent financial crisis. The skills of workers who used to be employed in those sectors may not be easily transferable to growing sectors such as education and health care (see Rissman 2009 and Barnichon et al. 2010). Similarly, the housing bust has left millions of homeowners underwater on their mortgages, which locks them into their homes and may make it more difficult for them to move to higher growth areas. These sectoral and geographic mismatches between workers and job openings may be making it harder for employers to fill vacancies.
...
A third explanation involves the sizable increase in long-term unemployment over the past few years. Workers out of jobs for extended periods may experience higher rates of unemployment owing to deterioration of skills and weakening labor market attachment.
...
Mounting evidence suggests that structural factors may have increased the “normal” rate of unemployment to about 6.7%. Much of this increase is likely to be temporary. In particular, the extension of unemployment benefits probably accounts for about half of the increase. But, even with a 6.7% natural rate, current and forecasted levels of unemployment imply that significant labor market slack will persist for several years. It is important to stress that each of the methods used to estimate the natural rate is subject to considerable error, especially given the limited experience of very high unemployment in the post-World War II U.S. economy.

The key is most of the increase in the unemployment rate is cyclical.

by Calculated Risk on 2/14/2011 10:00:00 AM

From the NY Fed: New York Fed also releases Q4 2010 Quarterly Household Debt and Credit Report, which reveals lower debt levels in region

Here is the Q4 report: Quarterly Report on Household Debt and Credit. Here are a couple of graphs:

Click on graph for larger image in new window.

The first graph shows aggregate consumer debt is still declining. Debt is now down over $1 trillion from the peak in 2008. Note: This is a combination of writing down debt and consumers paying down debt.

From the NY Fed:

Aggregate consumer debt continued to decline in the fourth quarter, continuing its trend of the previous two years. As of December 31, 2010, total consumer indebtedness was $11.4 trillion, a reduction of $1.08 trillion (8.6%) from its peak level at the close of 2008Q3, and $155 billion (1.3%) below its September 30, 2010 level. Household mortgage indebtedness has declined 9.1%, and home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) have fallen 6.5% since their respective peaks in 2008Q3 and 2009Q1. For the first time since 2008Q4, consumer indebtedness excluding mortgage and HELOC balances did not fall, but rose slightly ($7.3 billion or 0.3%) in the quarter.

The second graph shows the percent of debt in delinquency. What stands out is that the percent of delinquent debt is declining, but the percent of severely derogatory debt is remaining the same.

From the NY Fed:

Total household delinquency rates declined for the fourth consecutive quarter in 2010Q4. As of December 31, 10.8% of outstanding debt was in some stage of delinquency, compared to 11.1% on September 30, and 12.0% a year ago. Currently about $1.2 trillion of consumer debt is delinquent and $902 billion is seriously delinquent (at least 90 days late or “severely derogatory”). Compared to a year ago, delinquent balances are down 13.9%, and serious delinquencies have fallen 12.1%.

Still a long ways to go. There are a number of credit graphs at the NY Fed site.