by Calculated Risk on 12/02/2016 01:00:00 PM

By request, here is another update of an earlier post through the November 2016 employment report including all revisions.  And, yes, I will post these graphs during the next Presidential term.

NOTE: Several readers have asked if I could add a lag to these graphs (obviously a new President has zero impact on employment for the month they are elected). But that would open a debate on the proper length of the lag, so I'll just stick to the beginning of each term.

Note: We frequently use Presidential terms as time markers - we could use Speaker of the House, or any other marker.

Important: There are many differences between these periods. Overall employment was smaller in the '80s, however the participation rate was increasing in the '80s (younger population and women joining the labor force), and the participation rate is generally declining now.  But these graphs give an overview of employment changes.

First, here is a table for private sector jobs. The top two private sector terms were both under President Clinton.

The third best growth for the private sector is Obama's 2nd term.

Reagan's 2nd term saw about the same job growth as during Carter's term.  Note: There was a severe recession at the beginning of Reagan's first term (when Volcker raised rates to slow inflation) and a recession near the end of Carter's term (gas prices increased sharply and there was an oil embargo).

Term	Private Sector Jobs Added (000s)
Carter	9,041
Reagan 1	5,360
Reagan 2	9,357
GHW Bush	1,510
Clinton 1	10,884
Clinton 2	10,082
GW Bush 1	-811
GW Bush 2	415
Obama 1	1,921
Obama 2	9,4881
146 months into 2nd term: 9,901 pace.

The first graph shows the change in private sector payroll jobs from when each president took office until the end of their term(s). Presidents Carter and George H.W. Bush only served one term, and President Obama is in the final months of his second term.

Mr. G.W. Bush (red) took office following the bursting of the stock market bubble, and left during the bursting of the housing bubble. Mr. Obama (blue) took office during the financial crisis and great recession. There was also a significant recession in the early '80s right after Mr. Reagan (yellow) took office.

There was a recession towards the end of President G.H.W. Bush (purple) term, and Mr Clinton (light blue) served for eight years without a recession.

Click on graph for larger image.

The first graph is for private employment only.

The employment recovery during Mr. G.W. Bush's (red) first term was sluggish, and private employment was down 811,000 jobs at the end of his first term.   At the end of Mr. Bush's second term, private employment was collapsing, and there were net 396,000 private sector jobs lost during Mr. Bush's two terms. 

Private sector employment increased slightly under President G.H.W. Bush (purple), with 1,510,000 private sector jobs added.

Private sector employment increased by 20,966,000 under President Clinton (light blue), by 14,717,000 under President Reagan (yellow), and 9,041,000 under President Carter (dashed green).

There were only 1,921,000 more private sector jobs at the end of Mr. Obama's first term.  Forty six months into Mr. Obama's second term, there are now 11,409,000 more private sector jobs than when he initially took office.

 A big difference between the presidencies has been public sector employment.  Note the bumps in public sector employment due to the decennial Census in 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010. 

The public sector grew during Mr. Carter's term (up 1,304,000), during Mr. Reagan's terms (up 1,414,000), during Mr. G.H.W. Bush's term (up 1,127,000), during Mr. Clinton's terms (up 1,934,000), and during Mr. G.W. Bush's terms (up 1,744,000 jobs).

However the public sector has declined significantly since Mr. Obama took office (down 334,000 jobs). This has been a significant drag on overall employment.

And a table for public sector jobs. Public sector jobs declined the most during Obama's first term, and increased the most during Reagan's 2nd term.

Term	Public Sector Jobs Added (000s)
Carter	1,304
Reagan 1	-24
Reagan 2	1,438
GHW Bush	1,127
Clinton 1	692
Clinton 2	1,242
GW Bush 1	900
GW Bush 2	844
Obama 1	-708
Obama 2	3741
146 months into 2nd term, 390 pace

Looking forward, I expect the economy to continue to expand through the two months of Mr. Obama's presidency, so I don't expect a sharp decline in private employment as happened at the end of Mr. Bush's 2nd term (In 2005 and 2006 I was warning of a coming down turn due to the bursting of the housing bubble - and I predicted a recession in 2007).

For the public sector, the cutbacks are over.  Right now I'm expecting some further increase in public employment during the last months of Obama's 2nd term, but obviously nothing like what happened during Reagan's second term.

Below is a table of the top four presidential terms for total non-farm job creation.

Currently Obama's 2nd term is on pace to be the 3rd best ever for private job creation.  However, with very few public sector jobs added, Obama's 2nd term is only on pace to be the fifth best for total job creation.

Note: Only 374 thousand public sector jobs have been added during the forty six months of Obama's 2nd term (following a record loss of 708 thousand public sector jobs during Obama's 1st term).  This is about 25% of the public sector jobs added during Reagan's 2nd term!

Top Employment Gains per Presidential Terms (000s)
Rank	Term	Private	Public	Total Non-Farm
1	Clinton 1	10,884	692	11,576
2	Clinton 2	10,082	1,242	11,312
3	Reagan 2	9,357	1,438	10,795
4	Carter	9,041	1,304	10,345
5	Obama 21	9,488	374	9,862
	Pace2	9,901	390	10,291
146 Months into 2nd Term 2Current Pace for Obama's 2nd Term

The last table shows the jobs needed per month for Obama's 2nd term to be in the top four presidential terms. Right now it looks like Obama's 2nd term will be the 3rd best for private employment (behind Clinton's two terms, and ahead of Reagan) and probably 5th for total employment.

Average Jobs needed per month (000s) for remainder of Obama's 2nd Term
to Rank	Private	Total
#1	698	857
#2	297	731
#3	-66	467
#4	-224	242

by Calculated Risk on 12/02/2016 10:01:00 AM

The headline jobs number was solid. Job growth was somewhat above the consensus forecast (178,000 vs forecast of 170,000), amd the unemployment rate declined sharply to 4.6%.

Earlier: November Employment Report: 178,000 Jobs, 4.6% Unemployment Rate

Job growth has averaged 180,000 per month this year.

In November, the year-over-year change was 2.25 million jobs.

A negative was the decline in hourly earnings, but this was probably just seasonal noise - and payback for the strong gain in October.  This is a noisy series, and the trend is clearly up.

Average Hourly Earnings

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph is based on “Average Hourly Earnings” from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) (aka "Establishment") monthly employment report. Note: There are also two quarterly sources for earnings data: 1) “Hourly Compensation,” from the BLS’s Productivity and Costs; and 2) the Employment Cost Index which includes wage/salary and benefit compensation.

The graph shows the nominal year-over-year change in "Average Hourly Earnings" for all private employees.  Nominal wage growth was at 2.5% YoY in November.

Note: CPI has been running around 2%, so there has been real wage growth.

Seasonal Retail Hiring

According to the BLS employment report, retailers hired seasonal workers in October and November at a lower pace than the last few years.

Typically retail companies start hiring for the holiday season in October, and really increase hiring in November. Here is a graph that shows the historical net retail jobs added for October, November and December by year.

This graph really shows the collapse in retail hiring in 2008. Since then seasonal hiring has increased back close to more normal levels. Note: I expect the long term trend will be down with more and more internet holiday shopping.

Retailers hired 522 thousand workers (NSA) net in October and November, this is down from just over 600 thousand for the same period over the last several years.   Note: this is NSA (Not Seasonally Adjusted).

This suggests retailers are a little cautious about the holiday season.  Note: There is a decent correlation between October seasonal retail hiring and holiday retail sales.  Maybe retailers are having trouble finding seasonal hires.

Employment-Population Ratio, 25 to 54 years old

Since the overall participation rate has declined recently due to cyclical (recession) and demographic (aging population, younger people staying in school) reasons, here is the employment-population ratio for the key working age group: 25 to 54 years old.

In the earlier period the participation rate for this group was trending up as women joined the labor force. Since the early '90s, the participation rate moved more sideways, with a downward drift starting around '00 - and with ups and downs related to the business cycle.

The 25 to 54 participation rate decreased in October to 81.4%, and the 25 to 54 employment population ratio decreased to 78.1%.

The participation rate has been trending down for this group since the late '90s, however, with more younger workers (and fewer older workers), the participation rate might move up some more.

Part Time for Economic Reasons

From the BLS report:

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers), at 5.7 million, changed little in November but was down by 416,000 over the year. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job.

The number of persons working part time for economic reasons declined in November, and this is the lowest level since June 2008. This level suggests slack still in the labor market.

These workers are included in the alternate measure of labor underutilization (U-6) that declined to 9.3% in November. This is the lowest level for U-6 since April 2008.

Unemployed over 26 Weeks

This graph shows the number of workers unemployed for 27 weeks or more.

According to the BLS, there are 1.856 million workers who have been unemployed for more than 26 weeks and still want a job. This was down from 1.979 million in October.

This is trending down, and is at the lowest level since July 2008.

Overall this was another solid report.

by Calculated Risk on 12/02/2016 08:40:00 AM

From the BLS:

The unemployment rate declined to 4.6 percent in November, and total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 178,000, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment gains occurred in professional and business services and in health care.
...
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for September was revised up from +191,000 to +208,000, and the change for October was revised down from +161,000 to +142,000. With these revisions, employment gains in September and October combined were 2,000 less than previously reported. Over the past 3 months, job gains have averaged 176,000 per month.
...
In November, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 3 cents to $25.89, following an 11-cent increase in October. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 2.5 percent. Average hourly earnings of private- sector production and nonsupervisory employees edged up by 2 cents to $21.73 in November.
emphasis added

Click on graph for larger image.

The first graph shows the monthly change in payroll jobs, ex-Census (meaning the impact of the decennial Census temporary hires and layoffs is removed - mostly in 2010 - to show the underlying payroll changes).

Total payrolls increased by 178 thousand in November (private payrolls increased 156 thousand).

Payrolls for September and October were revised down by a combined 2 thousand.

This graph shows the year-over-year change in total non-farm employment since 1968.

In November, the year-over-year change was 2.25 million jobs.  This has been moving down, but still a solid gain.


The third graph shows the employment population ratio and the participation rate.

The Labor Force Participation Rate decreased in November to 62.7%. This is the percentage of the working age population in the labor force.   A large portion of the recent decline in the participation rate is due to demographics.

The Employment-Population ratio was unchanged at 59.7% (black line).

I'll post the 25 to 54 age group employment-population ratio graph later.

The fourth graph shows the unemployment rate.

The unemployment rate decreased in November to 4.6%.

This was slightly above expectations of 170,000 jobs, and the unemployment rate dropped sharply. Another solid report.

I'll have much more later ...

by Calculated Risk on 12/01/2016 07:05:00 PM

Friday:
• At 8:30 AM ET, Employment Report for November. The consensus is for an increase of 170,000 non-farm payroll jobs added in November, up from the 161,000 non-farm payroll jobs added in October. The consensus is for the unemployment rate to be unchanged at 4.9%.

Earlier I posted an employment preview from Goldman Sachs.

Here is a summary of recent data:

• The ADP employment report showed an increase of 216,000 private sector payroll jobs in November. This was well above expectations of 160,000 private sector payroll jobs added. The ADP report hasn't been very useful in predicting the BLS report for any one month, but in general, this suggests employment growth above expectations.

• The ISM manufacturing employment index decreased in November to 52.3%. A historical correlation between the ISM manufacturing employment index and the BLS employment report for manufacturing, suggests that private sector BLS manufacturing payroll decreased about 7,000 in November. The ADP report indicated 10,000 manufacturing jobs lost in November.

The ISM non-manufacturing employment index will not be released until next week.

• Initial weekly unemployment claims averaged 251,000 in November, down from 258,000 in October. For the BLS reference week (includes the 12th of the month), initial claims were at 233,000, down from 252,000 during the reference week in October.

The decrease during the reference suggests less labor stress in November than in October.  This is positive for the employment report.

• The final November University of Michigan consumer sentiment index increased to 93.8 from the October reading of 87.2. Sentiment is frequently coincident with changes in the labor market, but there are other factors too like gasoline prices and possibly politics.

• Conclusion: Unfortunately none of the indicators alone is very good at predicting the initial BLS employment report. The ADP report and weekly claims suggest stronger job growth. There also might be a little bounce back from Hurricane related weakness in October.

My guess is the November report will be above the consensus forecast.

by Calculated Risk on 12/01/2016 03:58:00 PM

Based on a preliminary estimate from WardsAuto, light vehicle sales were at a 17.75 million SAAR in November.

That is down about 2% from November 2015, and down 0.9% from the 17.91 million annual sales rate last month.

From John Sousanis at WardsAuto November 2016 U.S. LV Sales Thread: Light Trucks, Extra Days Boost November Volumes

With two extra selling days in November, U.S. automakers outpaced same-month year-ago sales on a volume basis, despite a 4.6% decline in the daily sales rate (DSR).

Strong light-truck sales were a key factor in November sales, as the industry delivered 1,372,402 LVs - 48,904 more than it did a year-ago, over the course of 25 selling days (vs. 23 last year).
...
Year-to-date sales for the industry reached 15.783 million units, giving the first 11 months of 2016 a lead of just 17,542 units over like-2015 heading into December - and keeping alive the prospect that 2016 will break the single-year sales record set last year.

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows the historical light vehicle sales from the BEA (blue) and an estimate for October (red, light vehicle sales of 17.75 million SAAR from WardsAuto).

This was at the consensus forecast.

The second graph shows light vehicle sales since the BEA started keeping data in 1967.

Note: dashed line is current estimated sales rate.

Sales for 2016 - through the first eleven months - are close to unchanged from the comparable period last year.

After increasing significantly for several years following the financial crisis, auto sales are now moving mostly sideways ...

by Calculated Risk on 12/01/2016 02:46:00 PM

A few excerpts from Goldman Sachs' November Payroll Preview by economists Avisha Thakkar and Daan Struyven:

We forecast that nonfarm payroll growth increased to 200k in November, after an increase of 161k in October. We have revised up our forecast from 180k previously reflecting stronger data this week, in particular the ADP report. Our above-consensus forecast reflects an improvement in most labor market indicators last month, positive weather effects and possible residual seasonality.

We expect a one-tenth decline in the U3 unemployment rate to 4.8%. Average hourly earnings likely rose at a softer 0.1% last month, primarily due to negative calendar effects, below the strong gain of 0.4% in October. The year-over-year rate is likely to edge down to 2.7%.
emphasis added

The November employment report will be released tomorrow, and the consensus is for an increase of 170,000 non-farm payroll jobs in November, and for the unemployment rate to be unchanged at 4.9%.

by Calculated Risk on 12/01/2016 12:19:00 PM

Earlier today, the Census Bureau reported that overall construction spending increased in October:

The U.S. Census Bureau of the Department of Commerce announced today that construction spending during October 2016 was estimated at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of $1,172.6 billion, 0.5 percent above the revised September estimate of $1,166.5 billion. The October figure is 3.4 percent above the October 2015 estimate of $1,134.4 billion.

During the first 10 months of this year, construction spending amounted to $972.2 billion, 4.5 percent above the $930.7 billion for the same period in 2015.

Private spending decreased and public spending increased in October:

Spending on private construction was at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of $885.9 billion, 0.2 percent below the revised September estimate of $887.4 billion ...

In October, the estimated seasonally adjusted annual rate of public construction spending was $286.8 billion, 2.8 percent above the revised September estimate of $279.1 billion.
emphasis added

September was revised up to no change from a 0.5% decrease, and August revised up sharply to a 0.5% increase from -0.5%.

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows private residential and nonresidential construction spending, and public spending, since 1993. Note: nominal dollars, not inflation adjusted.

Private residential spending has been generally increasing, but is 31% below the bubble peak.

Non-residential spending is now 1% above the previous peak in January 2008 (nominal dollars).

Public construction spending is now 12% below the peak in March 2009, and 9% above the austerity low in February 2014.

The second graph shows the year-over-year change in construction spending.

On a year-over-year basis, private residential construction spending is up 5%. Non-residential spending is up 5% year-over-year. Public spending is down 1% year-over-year.

Looking forward, all categories of construction spending should increase in the coming year. Residential spending is still fairly low, non-residential is increasing - although there has been a recent decline in public spending.

This was slightly below the consensus forecast of a 0.6% increase for October, however spending for August and September were revised up.  A solid report.

by Calculated Risk on 12/01/2016 10:07:00 AM

The ISM manufacturing index indicated expansion in November. The PMI was at 53.2% in November, up from 51.9% in October. The employment index was at 52.3%, down from 52.9% last month, and the new orders index was at 53.0%, up from 52.1%.

From the Institute for Supply Management: November 2016 Manufacturing ISM® Report On Business®

Economic activity in the manufacturing sector expanded in November, and the overall economy grew for the 90th consecutive month, say the nation's supply executives in the latest Manufacturing ISM® Report On Business®.

The report was issued today by Bradley J. Holcomb, CPSM, CPSD, chair of the Institute for Supply Management® (ISM®) Manufacturing Business Survey Committee. "The November PMI® registered 53.2 percent, an increase of 1.3 percentage points from the October reading of 51.9 percent. The New Orders Index registered 53 percent, an increase of 0.9 percentage point from the October reading of 52.1 percent. The Production Index registered 56 percent, 1.4 percentage points higher than the October reading of 54.6 percent. The Employment Index registered 52.3 percent, a decrease of 0.6 percentage point from the October reading of 52.9 percent. Inventories of raw materials registered 49 percent, an increase of 1.5 percentage points from the October reading of 47.5 percent. The Prices Index registered 54.5 percent in November, the same reading as in October, indicating higher raw materials prices for the ninth consecutive month. Comments from the panel cite increasing demand, some tightness in the labor market and plans to reduce inventory by the end of the year."
emphasis added

Click on graph for larger image.

Here is a long term graph of the ISM manufacturing index.

This was above expectations of 52.3%, and suggests manufacturing expanded at as faster pace in November than in October.

Another solid economic report.

by Calculated Risk on 12/01/2016 08:50:00 AM

The DOL reported:

In the week ending November 26, the advance figure for seasonally adjusted initial claims was 268,000, an increase of 17,000 from the previous week's unrevised level of 251,000. The 4-week moving average was 251,500, an increase of 500 from the previous week's unrevised average of 251,000.

There were no special factors impacting this week's initial claims. This marks 91 consecutive weeks of initial claims below 300,000, the longest streak since 1970.
emphasis added

The previous week was unrevised.

The following graph shows the 4-week moving average of weekly claims since 1971.

Click on graph for larger image.


The dashed line on the graph is the current 4-week average. The four-week average of weekly unemployment claims increased to 251,500.

This was above the consensus forecast. The low level of claims suggests relatively few layoffs.

by Calculated Risk on 11/30/2016 07:20:00 PM

A few comments from Steven Kopits of Princeton Energy Advisors LLC:

"OPEC today struck what increasingly appears to be a historic deal, with both cuts and participation well in excess of earlier expectations.  Total OPEC cuts, compared to OPEC production as recorded by secondary sources for October 2016, are forecast at 1.2 mbpd.  To this is added 0.3 mbpd from Russia, and another, yet-to-be-confirmed 275 kpbd from Mexico, Oman and Kazakhstan.

In total, this would represent a cut of over 1.7 mbpd.  Compliance should be expected at 70% based on historical precedent, representing an effective cut of 1.2 mbpd compared to October 2016 levels.  This is a big deal, and may be enough to balance markets (which some think are already drawing in any event).  With these cuts, global excess crude and product inventories should be run off as soon as the end of Q2 2017, and not later than Q4 2017.

This implies that a robust recovery for the global oil sector is in store, with a strong H2 2017 in the outing."

Thursday:
• At 8:30 AM ET, The initial weekly unemployment claims report will be released.  The consensus is for 253 thousand initial claims, up from 251 thousand the previous week.

• At 10:00 AM, ISM Manufacturing Index for November. The consensus is for the ISM to be at 52.3, up from 51.9 in October. The ISM manufacturing index indicated expansion at 51.9% in October. The employment index was at 52.9%, and the new orders index was at 52.1%.

• Also at 10:00 AM, Construction Spending for October. The consensus is for a 0.6% increase in construction spending.

• All day, Light vehicle sales for November. The consensus is for light vehicle sales to decrease to 17.8 million SAAR in November, from 17.9 million in  October (Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate).