by Calculated Risk on 6/10/2005 02:23:00 AM

The U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis released the monthly trade balance report today for April:

"... total April exports of $106.4 billion and imports of $163.4 billion resulted in a goods and services deficit of $57.0 billion, $3.4 billion more than the $53.6 billion in March, revised.

April exports were $3.1 billion more than March exports of $103.4 billion.

April imports were $6.5 billion more than March imports of $156.9 billion."

Note: all numbers are seasonally adjusted.


Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows the monthly trade balances for 2003, 2004 and 2005 and depicts the worsening year over year trade imbalance. The April trade deficit worsened as exports increased $3.1 Billion and imports increased $6.5 Billion.


The recent increase in oil prices had an impact on the April trade deficit. The average contract price for oil jumped from $41.14 in March to $44.76 in April. This is a new record for the import contract price, exceeding the old record of $41.79 set in October.


This graph shows total petroleum imports (NSA) per month for 2003, 2004 and the first four months of 2005. Petroleum imports were about 30% of the trade deficit or about 1.5% of GDP. Even without petroleum imports, the trade deficit would be close to 4% of GDP - a serious problem.


April is the 4th largest trade deficit ever. The trade deficit has been over $50 billion 11 times - the last 11 months in a row.

by Calculated Risk on 6/09/2005 08:22:00 PM

The Federal Reserve released their quarterly Flow of Funds report today for Q1 2005. The summary: America's debt binge continued.

Borrowing in the first quarter was at an all time high of $2.4 Trillion (annualized) for all sectors. That is double the quarterly borrowing of just 3 years ago.

The leading offenders by percentage debt growth (annualized): State and Local Governments at 16.2%, the Federal Government at 13.8% (2nd worst quarter in almost 20 years), and household home mortgages at 10.6% (down from 2004 levels).

The surprise is the surge in State and Local borrowing. The $271 Billion annualized rate of borrowing is almost double any quarter in the last few years.

With approximately $600 Billion in new debt in Q1 (reported as $2.4 Trillion annualized) and GDP growth of approximately $50B for Q1 (current dollars - see table 3) is the United States just buying growth with debt?

by Calculated Risk on 6/08/2005 09:12:00 PM

Here are a couple of sites I'm following to check the pulse of the housing market (still tachycardia!):

The Mortgage Banker's Association issues the results of a weekly survey on mortgage applications. The MBAA's seasonally adjusted Purchase Index (PI) is a guide to ongoing purchase loan applications.


Click on graph for larger image.

This is a graph of the PI for the first week of each month since January 2004. Clearly purchase activity has been very stable. The most recent release shows the PI at 479.3, a slight increase from the previous week.

The MBAA also provides a Composite Index (jumps around based on percentage of ReFis), a Refinancing Index and more. They also provide percentages on refinancing and adjusted rate mortgages. Interesting stuff.

The National Association of Home Builders (and Wells Fargo) provide a monthly House Market Index. This is new (UPDATE: tea points out this is not new, here is the historical data) and is based on surveys of home builders. The index currently shows steady interest in new homes.

by Calculated Risk on 6/07/2005 08:55:00 PM

Dr. DeLong directs us to a letter from Greg Mankiw (former chairman of President Bush's Council of Economic Advisers) to the New York Times. In the letter, Mankiw concluded:

Here's the lesson: If policy makers' primary goal is to reduce income inequality, they should put the economy through the wringer. But if they want economic prosperity for all, they should avoid focusing on the politics of envy.

Dr. DeLong provides two graphs showing that Dr. Mankiw is wrong. There is extensive research on this subject to support Dr. DeLong's position that the relationship between growth and income inequality is inconclusive. At the extreme, there is no question that income and wealth inequality lead to slower growth (I'll let the reader think about this). But the US is far from that extreme.

So this is primarily a normative question: What kind of society do we want? Do we want a more egalitarian society where two people of equal talent, drive and risk tolerance can achieve similar economic success? Or do we want a more hereditary society? That is the primary question.

Another question is the appropriate public policy with regards to income inequality. At the least we should do nothing. In fact, shouldn't all Americans agree with this statement (from Tax Law Professor Geier)?

"...the government should not be intervening through the tax system to make the gap between the very rich and everyone else actually greater than it otherwise is (in the absence of tax)."

But, according to Professor Geier that is exactly what the current tax law does:

"The distribution of the tax burden worsens inequality because there is less income inequality before annual tax bills are paid than after they are paid."

To be charitable to Mankiw: Maybe we now know why Mankiw was a champion of Bush's tax policy - he erroneously thought income inequality leads to faster growth.

UPDATE: Via Dr. DeLong: WSJ.com - As Rich-Poor Gap Widens in the U.S., Class Mobility Stalls EXCERPTS:

The promise that a child born in poverty isn't trapped there remains a staple of America's self-portrait....

Although Americans still think of their land as a place of exceptional opportunity... the evidence suggests otherwise....

'The U.S. and Britain appear to stand out as the least mobile societies among the rich countries studied,'

by Calculated Risk on 6/07/2005 03:30:00 PM

In March 2003, physicists Didier Sornette (UCLA) and Wei-Xing Zhou (East China University of Science & Technology) correctly predicted that the UK housing bubble would "burst" in mid-2004. At that time they argued the US housing market was not yet a bubble.

This week the physicists released a new paper "Is There a Real-Estate Bubble in the US?". They now conclude that there is a bubble in the US, it is widespread, but that the turning point is still a year away:

"We conclude that the turning point of the bubble will probably occur around mid-2006."

Their analysis looks for "positive feedbacks" that result in faster-than-exponential growth in prices. They divide states into three groups: 22 (including DC) existing bubble states (red), 8 new bubble states (purple) and 21 non-bubble states (green). The following map shows these states:


Click on map for larger image.

The paper includes several interesting graphs of price trajectories for bubble and non-bubble states. Maybe Dr. Polley is right about Peoria!