by Calculated Risk on 7/27/2012 12:10:00 PM

The Q2 GDP report was weak, but slightly better than expected. Final demand weakened in Q2 as personal consumption expenditures increased at only a 1.5% annual rate, and residential investment increased at a 9.7% annual rate.

Investment in equipment and software picked up slightly to a 7.2% annual rate in Q2, and investment in non-residential structures was only slightly positive. The details will be released next week, but most of the recent positive increases in non-residential structures has been from investment in energy and power structures. Based on the architecture billing index, I expect the drag from other non-residential categories (offices, malls, hotels) to continue all year.

And there was another negative contribution from government spending at all levels. However, it appears the drag from state and local governments will end soon (after declining for almost 3 years).

Overall this was another weak report indicating sluggish growth.

The following graph shows the contribution to GDP from residential investment, equipment and software, and nonresidential structures (3 quarter centered average). This is important to follow because residential investment tends to lead the economy, equipment and software is generally coincident, and nonresidential structure investment trails the economy.

For the following graph, red is residential, green is equipment and software, and blue is investment in non-residential structures. So the usual pattern - both into and out of recessions is - red, green, blue.

The dashed gray line is the contribution from the change in private inventories.

Click on graph for larger image.

Residential Investment (RI) made a positive contribution to GDP in Q2 for the fifth consecutive quarter. Usually residential investment leads the economy, but that didn't happen this time because of the huge overhang of existing inventory, but now RI is contributing. The good news: Residential investment has clearly bottomed.

The contribution from RI will probably continue to be sluggish compared to previous recoveries, but the ongoing positive contribution to GDP is a significant story.

Equipment and software investment has made a positive contribution to GDP for twelve straight quarters (it is coincident).

The contribution from nonresidential investment in structures was slightly positive in Q2. Nonresidential investment in structures typically lags the recovery, however investment in energy and power has masked the ongoing weakness in office, mall and hotel investment (the underlying details will be released next week).

Residential Investment as a percent of GDP is still near record lows, but it is increasing. Usually RI bounces back quickly following a recession, but this time there is a wide bottom because of the excess supply of existing vacant housing units.

Last year the increase in RI was mostly from multifamily and home improvement investment. Now the increase is from most categories including single family. I'll break down Residential Investment (RI) into components after the GDP details are released this coming week. Note: Residential investment (RI) includes new single family structures, multifamily structures, home improvement, broker's commissions, and a few minor categories.

The last graph shows non-residential investment in structures and equipment and software.

I'll add details for investment in offices, malls and hotels next week.

The key story is that residential investment is continuing to increase, and I expect this to continue all year (although the recovery in RI will be sluggish compared to previous recoveries). Since RI is the best leading indicator for the economy, this suggests no recession this year.

Earlier with revision graphs:
• Real GDP increased 1.5% annual rate in Q2

by Calculated Risk on 7/27/2012 09:55:00 AM

Note: I'll have more on GDP soon.


Click on graph for larger image.

The final Reuters / University of Michigan consumer sentiment index for July increased to 72.3 from the preliminary reading of 72.0, and was down from the June reading of 73.2.

This was slightly above the consensus forecast of 72.0 and the lowest level this year. Overall sentiment is still weak - probably due to a combination of the high unemployment rate and the sluggish economy.

by Calculated Risk on 7/27/2012 08:30:00 AM

From the BEA:

Real gross domestic product -- the output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States -- increased at an annual rate of 1.5 percent in the second quarter of 2012, (that is, from the first quarter to the second quarter), according to the "advance" estimate released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. In the first quarter, real GDP increased 2.0 percent. [revised up from 1.9 percent]

The increase in real GDP in the second quarter primarily reflected positive contributions from personal consumption expenditures (PCE), exports, nonresidential fixed investment, private inventory investment, and residential fixed investment that were partly offset by a negative contribution from state and local government spending. Imports, which are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, increased.

The deceleration in real GDP in the second quarter primarily reflected a deceleration in PCE, an acceleration in imports, and decelerations in residential fixed investment and in nonresidential fixed investment that were partly offset by an upturn in private inventory investment, a smaller decrease in federal government spending, and an acceleration in exports.

Overall the revisions to the last three years were pretty minor.

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows real GDP before (blue) and after (red) the revision. The recession was not quite as deep as previously reported, and the recovery in 2010 was slightly slower - and the recovery in 2011 slightly faster.

Real GDP in Q1 was slightly above the previously reported level indicating the output gap is about the same as previously estimated.

The second graph shows the same data but as a percent change annualized.

There were some downward revisions in Q1 and Q2 2010, and some upward revisions in 2011.

A couple of comments:
• Real personal consumption expenditures increased 1.5 percent in the first quarter, compared with an increase of 2.4 percent in the first.

• Government spending continued to be a drag at all levels, but at a slower pace: The Federal government decreased 0.4 percent in Q2 compared to a 4.2 percent decrease in Q1, and state and local government decreased 2.1 percent compared to 2.2 percent in Q1.

This was above expectations. I'll have more on GDP later ...

by Calculated Risk on 7/26/2012 10:02:00 PM

On Friday ...
• At 8:30 AM ET, the Q2 advance GDP will be released. The consensus is that real GDP increased 1.2% annualized in Q2. The BEA will also release the revised estimates for 2009 through First Quarter 2012. If GDP is revised significantly up or down, this might be part of the FOMC discussion next week.

The BEA put out an excellent note on revisions this week: Revising Economic Indicators: Here’s Why the Numbers Can Change

The public wants accurate data and wants it as soon as possible. To meet that need, BEA publishes early estimates that are based on partial data. Even though these data aren’t complete, they do provide an accurate general picture of economic activity. ...

BEA produces three estimates of gross domestic product (GDP) for a given quarter. Each includes updated, more complete, and more accurate information as it becomes available. The first, called the “advance” estimate, typically receives the most attention and is released roughly 4 weeks after the end of a quarter. ...

When BEA calculates the advance estimate, the Bureau doesn’t yet have complete source data, with the largest gaps in data related to the third month of the quarter. In particular, the advance estimate is lacking complete source data on inventories, trade, and consumer spending on services. Therefore, BEA must make assumptions for these missing pieces based in part on past trends. ...

As new and more complete data become available, that information is incorporated into the second and third GDP estimates. About 45 percent of the advance estimate is based on initial or early estimates from various monthly and quarterly surveys that are subject to revision for various reasons, including late respondents that are eventually incorporated into the survey results. Another roughly 14 percent of the advance estimate is based on historical trends.

• At 9:55 AM, the final Reuter's/University of Michigan's Consumer sentiment index for July will be released. The consensus is for no change from the preliminary reading of 72.0.


For the monthly economic question contest:

• And at 10:00 AM, the Q2 Housing Vacancies and Homeownership report from the Census Bureau will be released. This data might indicate the trend, but there are serious questions about the accuracy of this survey.

by Calculated Risk on 7/26/2012 06:33:00 PM

Another month, another record ...

Below is a graph comparing mortgage rates from the Freddie Mac Primary Mortgage Market Survey® (PMMS®) and the refinance index from the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA).

The the MBA reported yesterday that refinance activity was at the highest level since 2009.

And from Freddie Mac today: 30-Year Fixed-Rate Mortgage Averages a Record-Breaking 3.49 Percent

Freddie Mac today released the results of its Primary Mortgage Market Survey® (PMMS®), showing fixed mortgages rates continuing their streak of record-breaking lows. The 30-year fixed rate mortgage averaged 3.49 percent, more than a full percentage point lower than a year ago when it averaged 4.55 percent. Meanwhile, the 15-year fixed-rate mortgage, a popular choice for those looking to refinance, also set another record low at 2.80 percent.

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows the MBA's refinance index (monthly average) and the the 30 year fixed rate mortgage interest rate from the Freddie Mac Primary Mortgage Market Survey®.

The Freddie Mac survey started in 1971 and mortgage rates are currently at the record low for the last 40 years.

It usually takes around a 50 bps decline from the previous mortgage rate low to get a significant refinance boom, and rates have fallen about 75 bps from the 4.23% low in October 2010 - and refinance activity is picking up.

There has also been an increase in refinance activity due to HARP.

The second graph shows the 15 and 30 year fixed rates from the Freddie Mac survey. The Primary Mortgage Market Survey® started in 1971 (15 year in 1991). Both rates are at record lows for the Freddie Mac survey. Rates for 15 year fixed loans are now at 2.8%.

Note: The Ten Year treasury yield is just off the record low at 1.43% (the record low was earlier this week at 1.39%), so rates will probably fall a little more next week.