by Calculated Risk on 5/06/2011 08:30:00 AM

From the BLS:

Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 244,000 in April, and the unemployment rate edged up to 9.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in several service-providing industries, manufacturing, and mining.
...
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised from +194,000 to +235,000, and the change for March was revised from +216,000 to +221,000.

The following graph shows the employment population ratio, the participation rate, and the unemployment rate.

Click on graph for larger image in graph gallery.

The unemployment rate increased to 9.0% (red line).

The Labor Force Participation Rate was unchanged at 64.2% in April (blue line). This is the percentage of the working age population in the labor force. The participation rate is well below the 66% to 67% rate that was normal over the last 20 years, although some of the decline is due to the aging population.

The Employment-Population ratio decreased slightly to 58.4% in April (black line).

The second graph shows the job losses from the start of the employment recession, in percentage terms aligned at maximum job losses. The dotted line is ex-Census hiring.

The current employment recession is by far the worst recession since WWII in percentage terms, and 2nd worst in terms of the unemployment rate (only the early '80s recession with a peak of 10.8 percent was worse).

This was above expectations for payroll jobs, and below expectations for the unemployment rate. I'll have much more soon ...

by Calculated Risk on 5/05/2011 10:07:00 PM

I haven't posted an update for some time. John Glionna and Kenji Hall at the LA Times provide a rough timeline: Workers enter damaged Fukushima reactor

The recovery team began a project to lower radiation levels by installing six ventilation machines that would absorb isotopes from the air in the No. 1 reactor ...

Tomikawa said it should take two or three days to put in the ventilation system. He estimated that the work to install the reactor's new cooling system could begin as soon as May 16.

... The company plans to add cooling equipment for reactors Nos. 2 and 3 sometime in the next two months ...

Under a two-phase plan, the company expects to spend three months cooling the reactors and plugging radiation leaks. ...

During the second phase, which is expected to take about six months, Tepco hopes to put the reactors into a stable state ... but deactivating the reactors could take years to complete.

A long slow process.

Earlier:
• Weekly Initial Unemployment Claims sharply higher
• NMHC Quarterly Apartment Survey: Market Conditions Tighten
• Clear Capital Home Price Index shows Double Dip

by Calculated Risk on 5/05/2011 05:43:00 PM

The National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) will release their April survey on Tuesday, May 10th. Here is a pre-release of the employment results from NFIB: NFIB Jobs Statement: Hiring Trends Inconsistent and Disappointing

“Four months into 2011, the trajectory for small-business hiring appears inconsistent and disappointing. February and March gave us some hope, but in April, the average number of net new jobs slipped from 0.17 per firm to 0.04. With fewer increases in new hires and more reports of shrinkage in workforces, we can expect the April job numbers to be a disappointment.

Drilling down into the (seasonally adjusted) numbers:
• 8 percent of those surveyed increased employment;
• 15 percent reduced employment; and,
• 14 percent reported unfilled job openings, down 1 point from last month.

“And the outlook for future employment growth remains unchanged from March: Only 16 percent plan to increase employment, and 6 percent plan to reduce their workforce, yielding a seasonally adjusted net 2 percent of owners planning to create new jobs in the next three months.

Click on graph for larger image in graph gallery.

This graph shows the net hiring plans for the next three months.

Hiring plans were unchanged in April and still slightly positive.

Small businesses have a larger percentage of real estate and retail related companies than the overall economy. With the high percentage of real estate (including small construction companies), I expect small business hiring to remain sluggish for some time.

This is another somewhat disappointing employment indicator along with the ISM surveys, the ADP employment report and initial weekly claims.

The consensus for the April employment report is 185,000 with the unemployment rate unchanged at 8.8% (to be released tomorrow at 8:30 AM ET).

by Calculated Risk on 5/05/2011 02:47:00 PM

CR Note: The Census Bureau is releasing the demographic profile data for every state this month. Many analysts use the quarterly Census HVS to track the homeownership rate - and to calculate the excess supply of housing units. Important: Estimates using the HVS appear to overstate the excess supply. When all the data is released (by the end of May), we will probably have a better estimate of the excess supply as of April 1, 2010.

From economist Tom Lawler: The Census Bureau released the “Demographic Profile” from Census 2010 for 12 states and DC today, and the release confirmed several of the biases I have noted in the Census’ quarterly Housing Vacancy Survey. As I’ve shown before, the HVS showed higher homeownership rates than either the 2000 decennial Census or the American Community Survey, and that overstatement continued for 2010. Below is a comparison of the homeownership rate from the decennial Census for April 1, 2010 with the HVS average homeownership for the first half of 2010. (The HVS quarterly data are monthly averages). Also shown are the homeownership rates for April 1, 2000 from Census 2000.

Homeownership Rate (%), Census 2010, Census 2000, and Housing Vacancy Survey
	Census 2010, April 1	HVS, First Half 2010	Census vs. HVS	Census 2000, April 1	Census 2010 vs. Census 2000
DC	42	45.1	-3.1	40.8	1.2
Florida	67.4	70.3	-2.9	70.1	-2.7
Kentucky	68.7	71.3	-2.6	70.8	-2.1
Maine	71.3	73.6	-2.3	71.6	-0.3
Massachusetts	62.3	64.4	-2.1	61.7	0.6
Michigan	72.1	74.5	-2.4	73.8	-1.7
Mississippi	69.6	73.5	-3.9	72.3	-2.7
New Mexico	68.5	68.8	-0.3	70	-1.5
North Dakota	65.4	67.4	-2	66.6	-1.2
Rhode Island	60.7	63.6	-2.9	60	0.7
South Carolina	69.3	74.5	-5.2	72.2	-2.9
Tennessee	68.2	71	-2.8	68.2	0
West Virginia	73.4	79.1	-5.7	75.2	-1.8

As the table shows, the HVS shows higher homeownership rates than Census 2010 in DC and all 12 states for which data have been released, with the HVS homeownership rates MATERIALLY higher in DC and 11 of the 12 states. As I’ve noted in past reports, the HVS appears to be a biased sample of the US housing stock, consistently over-estimating the homeownership rate, and overstating significantly both the gross vacancy rate and the rental vacancy rate.

This early look strongly suggests that there are material sampling problems with the HVS that need to be addressed, and suggests that the HVS data probably should not be used to analyze the US housing stock, or estimate the “excess supply” of housing.

CR Note: A key number for the U.S. economy is the excess supply of vacant housing units. The decennial Census probably provides the best estimate, and that is already over a year out of date.

by Calculated Risk on 5/05/2011 11:29:00 AM

From the National Multi Housing Council (NMHC): Apartment Sector Sets Records In Market Tightness And Equity Availability, NMHC Market Conditions Survey Finds

The Market Tightness Index, which examines vacancies and rents, rose to a record 90 from 78 last quarter. ... Almost four in five respondents (79%) said markets were tighter (lower vacancies and/or higher rents) and—for the first time ever—not a single respondent thought conditions were looser.

“The apartment industry rebounded strongly in 2010 as demand for apartment residences outpaced the sluggish recovery in the job market nationally,” said NMHC Chief Economist Mark Obrinsky. “These results show the apartment industry continues to do well even though the nation’s overall rate of economic growth has slowed. This is driven largely by the increased appeal of renting generally but also by the large number of young people entering the housing market for the first time—and young people are much more likely to rent than buy.”

Click on graph for larger image in graph gallery.

This graph shows the quarterly Apartment Tightness Index.

The index has indicated tighter market conditions for the last five quarters and increased to a record 90 in April. A reading above 50 suggests the vacancy rate is falling and / or rents are rising. This data is a survey of large apartment owners only.

This fits with the recent Reis data showing apartment vacancy rates fell in Q1 2011 to 6.2%, down from 6.6% in Q4 2010, and 8% in the Q1 2010.

Two key points I've made over and over are 1) with falling vacancy rates and rising rents, the number of multi-family starts will pick up sharply this year (but still be well below normal), and 2) this pickup will lead to a positive contribution to GDP and payroll jobs for construction in 2011, the first positive contribution for either since 2005. This survey reinforces both points.

A final note: This index helped me call the bottom for effective rents (and the top for vacancy rate) a year ago.