by Calculated Risk on 3/08/2009 09:38:00 PM

Larry Summers is interviewed by the Financial Times: Summers calls for boost to demand

“The old global imbalances agenda was more demand in China, less demand in America. Nobody thinks that is the right agenda now,” said Mr Summers.

“There’s no place that should be reducing its contribution to global demand right now. It is really the universal demand agenda.”

While the US and other western nations should return to living within their means in the medium term, everyone should raise spending sharply now.

“The right macro-economic focus for the G20 is on global demand and the world needs more global demand,” said Mr Summers.
...
“This notion that the economy is self-stabilising is usually right but it is wrong a few times a century. And this is one of those times . . . there’s a need for extraordinary public action at those times.”

The G20 finance ministers will meet next Saturday (March 14th) in the U.K. in preparation for the full G20 London summit on April 2nd. So Summers is trying to influence the agenda for next week.

by Calculated Risk on 3/08/2009 03:56:00 PM

I've written extensively about using housing as a leading indicator for recessions and recoveries. Professor Leamer of the UCLA Anderson Forecast presented a very readable paper on this topic at the 2007 Jackson Hole conference: Housing and the Business Cycle

In that paper, Leamer outlined the temporal order of a typical business cycle:

The temporal ordering of the spending weakness is: residential investment, consumer durables, consumer nondurables and consumer services before the recession, and then, once the recession officially commences, business spending on the short-lived assets, equipment and software, and, last, business spending on the long-lived assets, offices and factories. The ordering in the recovery is exactly the same.

I think this order can be simplified as follows (with employment added):

When Weakness Typically Starts

Pre-Recession	Coincident with Recession	Lags Start of Recession
Residential Investment	PCE	Investment, non-residential Structures
	Investment, Equipment & Software
	Unemployment

When I first started writing about the housing bubble - and the then coming housing bust - I pointed out that we should be very concerned because housing slumps typically lead the economy into recessions. It happened once again.

Housing usually leads the economy out of recessions too. The second table shows a simplified typical temporal order for emerging from a recession.

When Recovery Typically Starts

During Recession	Lags End of Recession	Significantly Lags End of Recession
Residential Investment	Investment, Equipment & Software	Investment, non-residential Structures
PCE	Unemployment(1)

This business cycle there are reasons that housing will not be a significant engine of recovery. It is possible - see Looking for the Sun - that new home sales and housing starts will bottom in 2009, but any recovery in housing will probably be sluggish.

That leaves Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) - and as households increase their savings rate to repair their balance sheets, it seems unlikely that PCE will increase significantly any time soon. So even if the economy bottoms in the 2nd half of 2009, any recovery will probably be very sluggish.

At least we know what to watch: Residential Investment (RI) and PCE. The increasingly severe slump in CRE / non-residential investment in structures will be interesting, but that is a lagging indicator for the economy.

(1) In recent recessions, unemployment significantly lagged the end of the recession. That is very likely this time too.

by Calculated Risk on 3/08/2009 02:22:00 PM

Transcript: 'This Week' Economic Debate

SHELBY: ... I think that they've got to close some big banks. They don't want to do it. We're -- we're going down the same road Japan was going down.

STEPHANOPOULOS: So you're in the same place -- I had Senator Lindsey Graham on the problem a couple of weeks ago. He said we're going to have to close, nationalize some of the big banks.

SHELBY: I don't want to nationalize them. I think we need to close them...

STEPHANOPOULOS: So when you say "close," what do you mean by them?

SHELBY: Close -- close them down, get them out of business. If they're dead, they ought to be buried. We bury the small banks; we've got to bury some big ones and send a strong message to the market. And I believe that people will start investing in banks. People aren't...

STEPHANOPOULOS: So you're talking Citigroup?

SHELBY: Well, whatever. Citi's always been a problem child.
emphasis added

When the FDIC "buries a small bank" - they temporarily nationalize the bank, and then reprivatize the bank. So this just appears to be semantics problem. This is why I call the first step "pre-privatize" - to avoid the stigma of "nationalize" - then reprivatize the banks.

I'm not sure what else Shelby could mean by "bury some big ones".

by Calculated Risk on 3/08/2009 08:50:00 AM

The Washington Post has an article on Early Payment Defaults (EPD) for Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loans.

From the WaPo: More FHA-Backed Mortgages Go Bad Without a Single Payment

Many borrowers are defaulting as quickly as they take out the loans. In the past year alone, the number of borrowers who failed to make more than a single payment before defaulting on FHA-backed mortgages has nearly tripled, far outpacing the agency's overall growth in new loans, according to a Washington Post analysis of federal data.

Many industry experts attribute the jump in these instant defaults to factors that include the weak economy, lax scrutiny of prospective borrowers and most notably, foul play among unscrupulous lenders looking to make a quick buck.

If a loan "is going into default immediately, it clearly suggests impropriety and fraudulent activity," said Kenneth Donohue, the inspector general of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, which includes the FHA.
...
More than 9,200 of the loans insured by the FHA in the past two years have gone into default after no or only one payment, according to the Post analysis.
...
The agency's share of the mortgage market is up from 2 percent three years ago to nearly a third of the mortgages now made ...

Congress has substantially increased the amount a homeowner can borrow on an FHA loan in pricey areas, thrusting the agency into markets it was previously shut out of, such as California, where plunging home prices have made people more vulnerable to foreclosure. Moreover, lawmakers last year put the FHA in charge of a program created to address the roots of the financial crisis by helping delinquent borrowers refinance into new mortgages.

The authors don't mention the term "Downpayment Assistance Programs" (DAPs), but they do provide an example of a builder writing zero down loans. With DAPs the seller gives the buyer the downpayment through a charity to avoid the FHA rules on downpayments - and DAPs led to significantly higher defaults - and might be a bigger contributor to EPDs than the FHA's "HOPE for Homeowners" refinance plan for borrowers in trouble. I'd like to see a breakdown of EPDs between DAPs, HOPE, and loans made in high priced areas.

by Calculated Risk on 3/07/2009 10:44:00 PM

Click on cartoon for full cartoon in new window.

From Dilbert.com

Best to all (ht Ilya).