by Calculated Risk on 7/10/2013 04:10:00 PM

Note: This is an interesting speech, but the key will be the Q&A.

Speech from Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke: A Century of U.S. Central Banking: Goals, Frameworks, Accountability

Today, I'll discuss the evolution over the past 100 years of three key aspects of Federal Reserve policymaking: the goals of policy, the policy framework, and accountability and communication. The changes over time in these three areas provide a useful perspective, I believe, on how the role and functioning of the Federal Reserve have changed since its founding in 1913, as well as some lessons for the present and for the future. I will pay particular attention to several key episodes of the Fed's history, all of which have been referred to in various contexts with the adjective "Great" attached to them: the Great Experiment of the Federal Reserve's founding, the Great Depression, the Great Inflation and subsequent disinflation, the Great Moderation, and the recent Great Recession.

by Calculated Risk on 7/10/2013 02:00:00 PM

Note: We will probably know more on the Fed's plans after Bernanke's speech and Q&A later today.

From the Fed: Minutes of the Federal Open Market Committee, June 18-19, 2013. A few excerpts on asset purchases:

While recognizing the improvement in a number of indicators of economic activity and labor market conditions since the fall, many members indicated that further improvement in the outlook for the labor market would be required before it would be appropriate to slow the pace of asset purchases. ...

Participants discussed how best to communicate the Committee's approach to decisions about its asset purchase program and how to reduce uncertainty about how the Committee might adjust its purchases in response to economic developments. Importantly, participants wanted to emphasize that the pace, composition, and extent of asset purchases would continue to be dependent on the Committee's assessment of the implications of incoming information for the economic outlook, as well as the cumulative progress toward the Committee's economic objectives since the institution of the program last September. The discussion centered on the possibility of providing a rough description of the path for asset purchases that the Committee would anticipate implementing if economic conditions evolved in a manner broadly consistent with the outcomes the Committee saw as most likely. Several participants pointed to the challenge of making it clear that policymakers necessarily weigh a broad range of economic variables and longer-run economic trends in assessing the outlook. As an alternative, some suggested providing forward guidance about asset purchases based on numerical values for one or more economic variables, broadly akin to the Committee's guidance regarding its target for the federal funds rate, arguing that such guidance would be more effective in reducing uncertainty and communicating the conditionality of policy. However, participants also noted possible disadvantages of such an approach, including that such forward guidance might inappropriately constrain the Committee's decisionmaking, or that it might prove difficult to communicate to investors and the general public.

Since the September meeting, some participants had become more confident of sustained improvement in the outlook for the labor market and so thought that a downward adjustment in asset purchases had or would likely soon become appropriate; they saw a need to clearly communicate an intention to lower the pace of purchases before long. However, to some other participants, this approach appeared likely to limit the Committee's flexibility in adjusting asset purchases in response to changes in economic conditions, which they viewed as a key element in the design of the purchase program. Others were concerned that stating an intention to slow the pace of asset purchases, even if the intention were conditional on the economy developing about in line with the Committee's expectations, might be misinterpreted as signaling an end to the addition of policy accommodation or even be seen as the initial step toward exit from the Committee's highly accommodative policy stance. It was suggested that any statement about asset purchases make clear that decisions concerning the pace of purchases are distinct from decisions concerning the federal funds rate.

Participants generally agreed that the Committee should provide additional clarity about its asset purchase program relatively soon. A number thought that the postmeeting statement might be the appropriate vehicle for providing additional information on the Committee's thinking. However, some saw potential difficulties in being able to convey succinctly the desired information in the postmeeting statement. Others noted the need to ensure that any new statement language intended to provide more information about the asset purchase program be clearly integrated with communication about the Committee's other policy tools. At the conclusion of the discussion, most participants thought that the Chairman, during his postmeeting press conference, should describe a likely path for asset purchases in coming quarters that was conditional on economic outcomes broadly in line with the Committee's expectations. In addition, he would make clear that decisions about asset purchases and other policy tools would continue to be dependent on the Committee's ongoing assessment of the economic outlook. He would also draw the distinction between the asset purchase program and the forward guidance regarding the target for the federal funds rate, noting that the Committee anticipates that there will be a considerable time between the end of asset purchases and the time when it becomes appropriate to increase the target for the federal funds rate.
emphasis added

by Calculated Risk on 7/10/2013 11:03:00 AM

From Nick Timiraos at the WSJ: Foreclosure Squeeze Crimps Las Vegas Real-Estate Market

The number of available homes has plunged here after a sweeping state law subjected lenders to stiff new foreclosure rules and penalties. With banks exercising caution, many homeowners—including those seriously delinquent on their loans—have been allowed to remain in place. As a result, there is little on the market at a time when first-time buyers and real-estate speculators are anxious to tap both cheap prices and low-interest mortgages.
...
The perverse outcome: Inventory shortages have spurred new developments despite a glut of properties stuck in foreclosure limbo.
...
The inventory shortages, meanwhile, have been a boon for some—especially builders. "A.B. 284 has been great for us. It darn near eliminated the constant inflow of foreclosures on the resale market," says Robert Beville, president of Harmony Homes, a local home builder.
...
Studies by researchers at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston show that "delaying the foreclosure process does not in the end lead to fewer foreclosures," said Paul Willen, a senior economist at the Boston Fed. "If they're delaying a foreclosure that is going to happen eventually, what we're really concerned about is that they're reducing the quality of life for the neighborhood."
emphasis added

The Nevada law was passed with good intentions - and the banks were definitely bad actors - but the result is Las Vegas will have a high level of foreclosures for years (and poorly maintained homes). 

by Calculated Risk on 7/10/2013 08:14:00 AM

From the MBA: Mortgage Applications Decrease as Rates Reach Two-year High in Latest MBA Weekly Survey

The Refinance Index decreased 4 percent from the previous week. The seasonally adjusted Purchase Index decreased 3 percent from one week earlier.
...
The average contract interest rate for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages with conforming loan balances ($417,500 or less) increased to 4.68 percent, the highest rate since July 2011, from 4.58 percent, with points increasing to 0.46 from0.43 (including the origination fee) for 80 percent loan-to-value ratio (LTV) loans.
emphasis added

Note: This was for a holiday week with a large seasonal adjustment. I expect a large decline in refinance activity in the survey next week.

Click on graph for larger image.

The first graph shows the refinance index.

With 30 year mortgage rates above 4.5%, refinance activity has fallen sharply, decreasing in 8 of the last 9 weeks.

This index is down 50% over the last nine weeks.

The second graph shows the MBA mortgage purchase index.  The 4-week average of the purchase index has generally been trending up over the last year, and even with the recent decline, the 4-week average of the purchase index is up almost 10% from a year ago.

by Calculated Risk on 7/09/2013 08:31:00 PM

Not a usual topic, but an interesting article from Nick Bilton at the NY Times: The Money Side of Driverless Cars

Washington, an average of six parking tickets are issued every minute of a normal workday. That is about 5,300 tickets on each of those days. Those slips of paper have added up to $80 million in parking fines a year, according to a report by AAA Mid-Atlantic.

As I noted in my Disruptions column this week, ”How Driverless Cars Could Reshape Cities,” the parking ticket could vanish from the future city as cars park themselves ...

According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 93 percent of all traffic accidents result from human error. If cars are smart enough to avoid accidents — and many researchers working on these cars believe they will be — the multibillion-dollar car insurance industry could completely change and be reimagined.

Smart cars will have a huge impact on some areas ... I hope this happens quickly!

Wednesday:
• At 7:00 AM ET, the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) will release the results for the mortgage purchase applications index. Expect higher mortgage rates and a decline in refinance activity.

• At 10:00 AM, Monthly Wholesale Trade: Sales and Inventories for May. The consensus is for a 0.3% increase in inventories.

• At 2:00 PM, FOMC Minutes for Meeting of June 18-19, 2013 will be released. These will be scrutinized for timing of the tapering of QE3 asset purchases.

• At 4:10 PM, Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke will speak, A Century of U.S. Central Banking: Goals, Frameworks, Accountability, At the National Bureau of Economic Research Conference: The First 100 Years of the Federal Reserve: The Policy Record, Lessons Learned, and Prospects for the Future, Cambridge, Mass.