by Calculated Risk on 5/02/2009 11:37:00 PM

A little Daily Show comedy ...

by Calculated Risk on 5/02/2009 07:59:00 PM

Professor Shiller writes in the New York Times: Depression Scares Are Hardly New

WHAT is the chance that the current downturn will morph into another Great Depression? That question has been preoccupying people for months.

The popular mood has a huge impact on the economy, so it’s worth noting what many people seem to forget: Depression scares come and go. And by one authoritative measure, the current outbreak of concern has been surprisingly mild.

The University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers have included in their regular measurements this specific question about fear of a prolonged depression:

“Looking ahead, which would you say is more likely — that in the country as a whole we’ll have continuous good times during the next five years or so, or that we will have periods of widespread unemployment or depression, or what?”

... A high score on the question means that the answers tilted toward continuous good times, with a low score tilting toward unemployment or depression. Since 1960, the average score has been 94.

If we define a depression scare as any time the score is below 65, there have been four such scares since 1951. They were in the periods from 1974 to 1975, during which 47 was the lowest score; from 1978 to 1982, with a low of 41; from 1990 to 1992, with a low of 54; and from 2008 to 2009, with a low (to date) of 59. Note that so far, at least, the worst reading in the current scare has not been as bad as those of the previous episodes.

In each case, the scare’s significance is further confirmed by electronically counting in news databases the number of articles containing the word pair “great depression.” There were huge peaks in the count during these periods.

Here is a graph comparing the decline in real GDP for the current recession with other recessions since 1947. Depression is marked on the graph as -10%.

Click on table for larger image in new window.

After the 6.1% SAAR decline in Q1 2009 GDP, the cumulative real decline is now 3.3% from the peak.

NOTE: GDP is reported on a real (inflation adjusted) Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate (SAAR) basis. Real GDP declined about 1.5% in Q1.

Even though the current recession is already one of the worst since 1947, it is only about 1/3 of the way to a depression (commonly defined as a 10% decline in real GDP).

Stated another way, to reach a depression, the economy would have to decline at about the same annual rate as the last two quarters for the next four quarters.

Just to put this in perspective, during the Great Depression, real GDP declined 26.5% from the peak to the trough.

I believe the odds of the current recession becoming a depression are very low (much less another Great Depression), but I think the current period has far greater risks than those earlier periods because of the severe financial crisis.

by Calculated Risk on 5/02/2009 01:59:00 PM

From MarketWatch: Buffett sees some housing market stabilization

"In the last few months you've seen a real pickup in activity although at much lower prices," Buffett said, citing data from Berkshire's real estate brokerage business, which is one of the largest in the U.S.
...
"We see something close to stability at these much-reduced prices in the medium to lower part of the market," Buffett said.

Also from MarketWatch: Buffett: Consumer spending slump not over

The recent drop in consumer spending and the resulting pressure on retailing, manufacturing and services industries could last "quite a long time," Berkshire Hathaway Chairman Warren Buffett said Saturday.

"I think our retail businesses will not do well for some time" as U.S. consumers save more, Buffett told investors at the company's annual shareholders meeting. "I would not look for any quick rebound in retail, manufacturing and services businesses."

Click on graph for large image.

This graph shows the saving rate starting in 1959 (using a three month centered average for smoothing) through the March Personal Income report released yesterday. The saving rate was 4.1% in March.

This suggest households are saving substantially more than during the last few years (when the saving rate was close to zero). The saving rate will probably continue to rise (an aging population usually pushes the saving rate higher) and a rising saving rate will repair household balance sheets, but, as Buffett notes, this will also keep pressure on personal consumption.

by Calculated Risk on 5/02/2009 09:02:00 AM

From Jillayne Schlicke at Rain City Guide: Why are Banks Setting the Opening Auction Bid Below The Principal Balance?

I attended a foreclosure auction in Bellevue, WA last week to discover if the rumor was true that banks are opening their bids below the amount owed. I received confirmation from three professional investors that yes, the banks have been doing that, it’s no secret, and there seems to be no discernable pattern. It’s not one particular bank or lender, it’s not particular types of property or in any specific area. It appears to be random.

... Only a few of the trustee sales attracted bidders, and the rest were deeded back to the bank. Out of the 92 active sales, 25 had opening bids below the amount owed to the bank.

Jillayne offers some possible explanations why the banks are bidding below the amount they are owed. I've been hearing similar stories in California.

Also, here is the monthly post: April Economic Summary in Graphs.

by Calculated Risk on 5/01/2009 10:27:00 PM

The Stress Test results will be released Thursday May 7th after the markets close.

Three banks failed today: America West Bank, Layton, Utah, Citizens Community Bank, Ridgewood, New Jersey (corrected - listed the purchasing bank), and Silverton Bank, National Association, Atlanta, Georgia. Silverton is an important bank - it had $4.1 billion in assets, and it was a correspondent banks - a bank for banks. From the Atlanta Business Chronicle:

[Silverton Bank's failure] will ripple through the banking industry, which some industry experts said will have catastrophic consequences for banks across the Sun Belt as it impacts potentially hundreds of bank balance sheets.

Many small banks invested in Silverton, or Silverton sold them loan participation in mostly Construction & Development loans. The losses could lead to other bank failures.

Auto sales were very weak - just above the record low in February.

The Institute for Supply Management April 2009 Non-Manufacturing Report showed contraction in manufacturing, but contracting at a slow pace.

The National Multi Housing Council apartment survey showed conditions worsened (from landlords perspective) though the pace of deterioration is decelerating (a common theme: things are still getting worse, but at a slower pace).

And for those interested, here is a post comparing quarterly and monthly PCE data.

Jillayne Schlicke of RainCityGuide.com took this video at a foreclosure auction on April 24, 2009 in Bellevue, WA. The lady in yellow was just reading off addresses so Jillayne asked her what she was doing. It ends up these were postponements - properties that are probably in loan modification.

by Calculated Risk on 5/01/2009 08:13:00 PM

Ben, Tim, and Sheila.
Whom do they remind you of?
Moe, Curly, Larry.
by Soylent Green is People
From the FDIC: Cache Valley Bank, Logan, Utah, Assumes All of the Deposits of America West Bank, Layton, Utah

America West Bank, Layton, Utah, was closed today by the Utah Department of Financial Institutions, which appointed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) as receiver. To protect the depositors, the FDIC entered into a purchase and assumption agreement with Cache Valley Bank, Logan, Utah, to assume all of the deposits of America West.
...
As of December 31, 2008, America West Bank had total assets of approximately $299.4 million and total deposits of $284.1 million. ...

The FDIC estimates that the cost to the Deposit Insurance Fund will be $119.4 million. Cache Valley Bank's acquisition of all of the deposits of America West Bank was the "least costly" resolution for the FDIC's Deposit Insurance Fund compared to alternatives.

America West Bank is the 32nd bank to fail in the nation this year and the second in Utah. The last FDIC-insured institution to fail in the state was MagnetBank, Salt Lake City, on January 30, 2009.

by Calculated Risk on 5/01/2009 07:54:00 PM

From the WSJ: Citi Said to Need Up to $10 Billion

Citigroup Inc. may need to raise as much as $10 billion in new capital, according to people familiar with the matter ...

The bank ... is negotiating with the Federal Reserve and may need less if regulators accept the bank's arguments about its financial health ... In a best-case scenario, Citigroup could wind up having a roughly $500 million cushion above what the government is requiring.

If Citi isn't required to raise capital, I doubt there will be much confidence in the stress test results. I was expecting a much higher number than $10 billion.

Also, from the NY Times: Citigroup to Sell Japanese Units for $5.56 Billion

Citigroup said Friday that it would sell its Japanese brokerage and investment banking units for $5.56 billion, securing much-needed capital before results due this coming week from a U.S. government “stress test” of its financial health.
...
Citigroup said it would realize a loss of $200 million on the transaction, which would generate $2.5 billion in tangible common equity, a measure of financial health.

by Calculated Risk on 5/01/2009 05:05:00 PM

What is that I smell?
Mixing money aroma...
Two Jersey banks merge.
by Soylent Green is People
From the FDIC: North Jersey Community Bank, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Assumes All of the Deposits of Citizens Community Bank, Ridgewood, New Jersey

Citizens Community Bank, Ridgewood, New Jersey, was closed today by the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance, which appointed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) as receiver. To protect the depositors, the FDIC entered into a purchase and assumption agreement with North Jersey Community Bank, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, to assume all of the deposits of Citizens Community Bank.
...
As of December 31, 2008, Citizens Community Bank had total assets of approximately $45.1 million and total deposits of $43.7 million. ...

The FDIC estimates that the cost to the Deposit Insurance Fund will be $18.1 million. North Jersey Community Bank's acquisition of the deposits of Citizens Community Bank was the "least costly" resolution for the FDIC's Deposit Insurance Fund compared to alternatives.

Citizens Community Bank is the 31st bank to fail in the nation this year and the first in New Jersey. The last FDIC-insured institution to fail in the state was Dollar Savings Bank, Newark, on February 14, 2004.

by Calculated Risk on 5/01/2009 04:14:00 PM

First Friday fizzle
Silverton Bank, crash and burn.
May might be hectic
by Soylent Green is People
From the FDIC: FDIC Creates Bridge Bank to Take Over Operations of Silverton Bank, National Association, Atlanta, Georgia

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) created a bridge bank to take over the operations of Silverton Bank, National Association, Atlanta, Georgia, after the bank was closed today by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC). ...

Silverton Bank did not take deposits directly from the general public nor did it make loans to consumers. It was a commercial bank that provided correspondent banking services to its client banks.

Silverton Bank had approximately 1,400 client banks in 44 states, and operated six regional offices. It provided a variety of services for its clients, including credit card operations, clearing accounts, investments, consulting, purchasing loans, and selling loan participations. Since the FDIC created a new bank to take over the operations of Silverton Bank, there is not expected to be any meaningful impact on the bank's clients.
...
At the time of its closing, Silverton Bank had approximately $4.1 billion in assets and $3.3 billion in deposits, all of which are expected to be within the FDIC's insurance limits.
...
The FDIC estimates that the cost to the Deposit Insurance Fund will be $1.3 billion. Silverton Bank is the 30th bank to fail in the nation this year and the sixth in Georgia. The last FDIC-insured institution to fail in the state was American Southern Bank, Kennesaw, on April 24

by Calculated Risk on 5/01/2009 03:24:00 PM

Click on graph for larger image in new window.

This graph shows the historical vehicle sales from the BEA (blue) and an estimate for April (light vehicle sales of 9.32 million SAAR from AutoData Corp).

Note: this graph includes a small number of heavy vehicle sales to compare to the BEA.

On a seasonally adjusted basis, total sales were still above the February level, but not much.

A few quotes:

"Industrywide, April felt more like a dust bowl than a spring garden for new car sales."
Jim O'Donnell, president of BMW in North America, May 1, 2009.

"It's kind of like the anchor bouncing a long on the bottom of the lake. It has found bottom and it's tripping along a little bit. I think we have found the bottom in aggregate."
Mark LeNeve, GM vice president for sales and marketing, sales conference call, May 1, 2009.

"The industry appears to have stabilized, as it's been fairly level for the past four months. We know where the bottom is, and as the economy struggles to recover, vehicle sales should follow."
Chrysler President Jim Press, May 1, 2009.