In Depth Analysis: CalculatedRisk Newsletter on Real Estate (Ad Free) Read it here.

Wednesday, September 02, 2009

ABI: Personal Bankruptcy Filings up 24 Percent compared to August 2008

by Calculated Risk on 9/02/2009 11:46:00 AM

From the American Bankruptcy Institute: August Consumer Bankruptcy Filings up 24 Percent over Last Year

The 119,874 consumer bankruptcy filings in August represented a 24 percent increase over last year’s monthly total, according to the American Bankruptcy Institute (ABI), relying on data from the National Bankruptcy Research Center (NBKRC). Although an increase over the previous year, the August 2009 consumer filings represented a 5 percent decrease from the July 2009 total of 126,434. Chapter 13 filings constituted 28.3 percent of all consumer cases in August, unchanged from the July rate.

"Consumers are continuing to turn to bankruptcy as a shield from the sustained financial pressures of today’s economy," said ABI Executive Director Samuel J. Gerdano. "As a result, we expect consumer filings to top 1.4 million this year."
Note that there is some month to month variability, so the decline from July is probably noise.

non-business bankruptcy filings Click on graph for larger image in new window.

This graph shows the non-business bankruptcy filings by quarter.

Note: Quarterly data from Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, Q3 2009 based on monthly data from the American Bankruptcy Institute.

The quarterly rate is close to the levels prior to when the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA) took effect. There were over 2 million bankruptcies filed in Calendar 2005 ahead of the law change.

There have been 928 thousand personal bankrutpcy filings through Aug 2009, and the American Bankruptcy Institute is predicting over 1.4 million new bankruptcies by year end - I'll take the over!

Other Employment Reports

by Calculated Risk on 9/02/2009 08:31:00 AM

ADP reports:

Nonfarm private employment decreased 298,000 from July to August 2009 on a seasonally adjusted basis, according to the ADP National Employment Report®. The estimated change of employment from June to July was revised by 11,000, from a decline of 371,000 to a decline of 360,000.
Note: the BLS reported a 254,000 decrease in nonfarm private employment in July (-247,000 total nonfarm), so once again ADP was only marginally useful in predicting the BLS number - and last month ADP was too pessimistic.

On the Challenger job-cut report from Reuters: US Planned Layoffs Fall in August: Challenger Report
Planned layoffs at U.S. firms fell in August, suggesting less stress on the labor market and improvements in consumer spending and the broader economy in the coming months, a report released on Wednesday showed.

Planned job cuts announced by U.S. employers fell to 76,456 last month, down 21 percent from 97,373 in July, according to a report released by global outplacement consultancy Challenger, Gray & Christmas.

While the rate of layoffs has slowed, the cumulative number of job cuts has climbed to 1.07 million from January through August, 60 percent higher than the same period a year earlier.
The BLS reports Friday, and the consensus is for just over 200,000 net job losses for August.

Tuesday, September 01, 2009

First Time Home Buyer NAR Numbers

by Calculated Risk on 9/01/2009 09:35:00 PM

Just a few numbers ... and somewhat random thoughts.

The first time home buyer tax credit applies to purchases that close in 2009 before Dec. 1, 2009.

The NAR has reported 2.81 million existing home sales through July. There will probably be around 4.4 to 4.5 million sales that close by before Dec 1st.

The NAR projects that 1.8 to 2.0 million buyers will claim the first time home buyer tax credit.

So about 40% to 45% of all purchases will qualify for the tax credit.

Yet ... the NAR reported that "An NAR practitioner survey showed first-time buyers purchased 30 percent of homes in July ..."

And for June and May: "An NAR practitioner survey in June showed first-time buyers accounted for 29 percent of transactions, unchanged from May ..."

And back in April: "An NAR practitioner survey in March showed first-time buyers accounted for 53 percent of transactions, based largely on contracts offered before the $8,000 first-time home buyer tax credit became available."

Now there are different definitions of "first-time": for the tax credit "First-time" homebuyers are defined as anyone who hasn't owned a primary residence for the last 3 years (not really "first-time").

But the NAR is now saying that about 40% to 45% of all homebuyers this year (before Dec 1st) will be first time buyers. And another large percentage of buyers are investors.

With regards to the tax credit, what really matters is the cost per additional home sold. And as I pointed out earlier today, even using the NAR numbers, the cost per additional home sold is $43.4 thousand.

Here is the math: 1.9 million buyers qualify for the credit (the NAR estimates between 1.8 and 2.0 million) = $15.2 billion.

The NAR estimates the tax credit resulted in 350 thousand additional purchases. So divide $15.2 billion by 350 thousand = $43,000 per additional home. And the numbers will get worse if the program is extended.

Cartoon and some Financial News

by Calculated Risk on 9/01/2009 05:14:00 PM

First another cartoon from Eric Lewis ...

Lewis CartoonCartoonist Eric G. Lewis' take on the economic discussion.

Click on cartoon for larger image in new window.

Stock Market CrashesAnd a market graph from Doug Short.

This matches up the market bottoms for four crashes (with an interim bottom for the Great Depression).

Note that the Great Depression crash is based on the DOW; the three others are for the S&P 500.

On Wells Fargo from Bloomberg: Wells Fargo to Repay TARP Without Raising New Equity
“We will pay it back, but we’re going to pay it back in a shareholder-friendly way,” John Stumpf, president and chief executive officer of the San Francisco-based lender, said in an interview today on Bloomberg Television. ‘We are now earning capital so quickly, organically, we don’t want to dilute our existing shareholders.”
On BofA from Bloomberg: Bank of America May Repay U.S. Aid, End Loss-Sharing Accord
Bank of America Corp. offered to repay part of the $45 billion received in U.S. bank-rescue funds and end a loss-sharing arrangement with the government related to the bank’s acquisition of Merrill Lynch & Co., according to a person familiar with the plan.
And on CIT from Reuters: CIT defers interest payment, shares fall
The cash-strapped company said in a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that it cannot pay an interest payment due September 15 to holders of its March 15, 2067 junior subordinated notes.
And of course the bids for the assets of Corus Bank are due this week ...

Light Vehicle Sales 14.1 Million (SAAR) in August

by Calculated Risk on 9/01/2009 04:00:00 PM

Vehicle Sales Click on graph for larger image in new window.

This graph shows the historical light vehicle sales (seasonally adjusted annual rate) from the BEA (blue) and an estimate for August (red, light vehicle sales of 14.09 million SAAR from AutoData Corp).

This is the highest vehicle sales since May 2008 (14.23 million SAAR).

Vehicle Sales The second graph shows light vehicle sales since the BEA started keeping data in 1967.

Obviously sales were boosted significantly by the "Cash-for-clunkers" program. Although this wasn't as bad as some of the lower forecasts, it still a disappointing number.

The real question is: What happens in September?

Houses and Autos: The Cost of a Tax Credit per Additional Units Sold

by Calculated Risk on 9/01/2009 01:14:00 PM

To calculate the cost of a tax credit per additional unit sold, we need to sum up the total cost of the credit - as an example $2.877 billion for Cash-for-Clunkers according to the Dept. of Transportation - and then divide by the estimated increase in sales because of the credit.

Remember some cars or houses would have been sold anyway (even though they still receive the tax credit), but it is the additional sales that matter. That was the purpose of the tax credit! (update: Shnaps notes that the auto credit had an additional benefit of better mileage)

We have two examples today.

First, for autos, if sales in August had been about the same as June (pre-tax credit), there would have been 850 thousand light vehicles sold (NSA). This is about a 9.7 million SAAR.

Next we add in the tax credit: Although the DOT reported close to 700 thousand car sales associated with the Cash-for-Clunkers program, probably about 550 thousand were in August. If these were all additional sales, then the total sales (NSA) for August would be about 1.4 million, or almost 16 million SAAR.

If Edmonds.com is correct, and total sales were 1.17 million (NSA) in August, then the tax credit only generated about 320 thousand extra sales. Of course some regular car buyers might have put off a purchase to avoid the rush in August, so this isn't perfect, but instead of costing taxpayers $4,170 per car (as announced by DOT), the cost to taxpayers per additional car sold was close to $7,200.

The numbers are much worse for the first-time home buyer tax credit. The NAR reported this morning:

NAR estimates that about 1.8 to 2.0 million first-time buyers will take advantage of the $8,000 tax credit this year, with approximately 350,000 additional sales that would not have taken place without the credit.
I believe the NAR underestimates first-time home buyers, especially considering the definition for the tax credit is anyone who hasn't owned a home in three years - not really a "first-time" buyer. I also think the NAR is overestimating the number of additional buyers.

But using their numbers ...

With 1.9 million first-time buyers, the total cost of the tax credit will be $15.2 billion. Divide $15.2 billion by 350 thousand, and the program cost $43.4 thousand per additional buyer. The actual number could be much higher if there were fewer additional first-time buyers than the NAR's estimate - or if the overall cost is higher (more buyers claiming tax credit).

This is the actual cost per additional home sold. And since buyer interest will fade (like with the Clunkers program), the cost per additional house will increase sharply if the program is extended.

Autos: Ford U.S. August sales rise 17%

by Calculated Risk on 9/01/2009 12:08:00 PM

From MarketWatch: Ford U.S. August sales rise 17%

Ford Motor Co. said Tuesday that total U.S. sales in August rose 17% to 182,149 vehicles from 155,690 last year.
From MarketWatch: Volkswagen U.S. August sales rise 11.4%

From MarketWatch: Daimler U.S. August sales fall 10.5%

Update: MarketWatch: Chrysler U.S. August sales decline 15%

Toyota, GM and more to come.

Once all the reports are released, I'll post a graph of the estimated total August sales (SAAR: seasonally adjusted annual rate). The range of estimates for August have been very wide because of the Clunker program - from a low of 13 million SAAR to a high of about 16 million SAAR.

Construction Spending in July

by Calculated Risk on 9/01/2009 10:29:00 AM

Two of the key stories in 2009 are the probable bottom for residential construction spending, and the collapse in private non-residential construction. Both stories are still developing ... but this report shows further evidence of both stories.

Construction Spending Click on graph for larger image in new window.

The first graph shows private residential and nonresidential construction spending since 1993. Note: nominal dollars, not inflation adjusted.

Residential construction spending increased in July, and nonresidential spending continued to decline.

Private residential construction spending is now 63.7% below the peak of early 2006.

Private non-residential construction spending is still only 9.7% below the peak of last September.

Construction Spending YoYThe second graph shows the year-over-year change for private residential and nonresidential construction spending.

Nonresidential spending is off 8.3% on a year-over-year basis, and will turn strongly negative as projects are completed. Residential construction spending is still declining YoY, although the negative YoY change will get smaller going forward.

From the Census Bureau: July 2009 Construction at $958 Billion Annual Rate

Pending Home Sales Increase in July

by Calculated Risk on 9/01/2009 10:00:00 AM

From the NAR: Pending Home Sales on a Record Roll

The Pending Home Sales Index, a forward-looking indicator based on contracts signed in July, increased 3.2 percent to 97.6 from a reading of 94.6 in June, and is 12.0 percent higher than July 2008 when it was 87.1. The index is at the highest level since June 2007 when it was 100.7.
...
NAR estimates that about 1.8 to 2.0 million first-time buyers will take advantage of the $8,000 tax credit this year, with approximately 350,000 additional sales that would not have taken place without the credit.
emphasis added
The increase in pending sales has been mostly from lower priced homes with demand from first time home buyers (taking advantage of the tax credit) and investors.

And look at the cost of the tax credit! If NAR is close to being correct, 2 million buyers will claim the tax credt - times $8,000 - is $16 billion. But this only resulted in "approximately 350,000 additional sales".

So this tax credit cost taxpayers about $45,000 per each additional home sold. Not very effective ... especially considering most of these are lower priced homes.

Hotels: "A False Bottom in RevPAR?"

by Calculated Risk on 9/01/2009 08:50:00 AM

In my weekly posts on hotel occupancy and RevPAR (Revenue per available room), I've been noting:

Earlier this year business travel was off much more than leisure travel. So it was expected that the summer months would not be as weak as earlier in the year. September - after Labor Day (Sept 7th) - will be the real test for business travel, and for the hotel industry.
Here is an excerpt from some Morgan Stanley research released last week on hotels making the same point: A False Bottom in RevPAR? (no link).
"[W]e are in an operating environment in which a) group demand is significantly worse than transient demand, and b) leisure demand is holding up better than the other segments. Due to the seasonality of the lodging demand mix, we believe that July and August RevPAR improvement is partially a mirage created by a shift in the demand mix away from groups and toward leisure. As the demand mix shifts back away from leisure and toward group in September and October, we expect RevPAR trends to deteriorate from this false bottom. ... we expect ... RevPAR declines to be close to 20% for [September and October].
emphasis added
Last week, from HotelNewsNow.com: STR reports US performance for week ending 22 August 2009
Revenue per available room for the week decreased 16.7 percent to finish at US$57.84.
With the expected seasonal decline in leisure travel, I wouldn't be surprised to see RevPAR off 20% in September and October - and that will put additional pressure on hotels.